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mRNA疫苗的研究及应用进展

作  者:
蔚丹;马云龙;万方;武建强
单  位:
内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院;内蒙古医科大学基础医学院
关键词:
mRNA疫苗;作用机制;递送系统
摘  要:
与传统疫苗相比,mRNA疫苗具有高效、安全、低成本等优点,但它的应用一直受到体内传递不稳定、翻译效率较低等技术问题的限制。新型冠状病毒的流行及其疫苗的研发加速了mRNA疫苗的研发和批准,特别是在mRNA结构修饰及脂质纳米颗粒构建等方面有了突破性进展,如使用优化后核苷、帽子结构的mRNA疫苗稳定性大大提高,替换低使用频率的密码子可提高其翻译效率等。目前常用的mRNA递送系统有脂质纳米颗粒、聚合物载体、类病毒载体等。综述了mRNA疫苗的发展历程、作用机制、修饰技术突破和递送系统方面的研究及应用进展,以期促进mRNA疫苗的深入研究及应用。
译  名:
Advances on Research and Application of mRNA Vaccines
作  者:
YU Dan;MA Yunlong;WAN Fang;WU Jianqiang;Faculty of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University;College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University;
关键词:
mRNA vaccine;;mechanism of action;;delivery system
摘  要:
Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines have the advantages of high efficiency, safety and low cost, but its application has been limited by technical problems such as unstable in vivo delivery and low translation efficiency. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 virus and their vaccine development have accelerated the development and approval of mRNA vaccines, especially breakthroughs in mRNA structural modification and construction of lipid nanoparticles, for example, the stability of mRNA vaccines using optimized nucleoside and cap structures is greatly improved, and the replacement of codons with low frequency of use can improve their translation efficiency. The commonly used mRNA delivery systems are lipid nanoparticles, polymer vectors, virus-like vectors, etc. The research and application progress of development history, mechanism of action, technological breakthroughs in modification, and delivery systems of mRNA vaccines were reviewed in order to promote the in-depth research and application of mRNA vaccines.

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