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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 一次性施入牛粪对土壤肥力和土壤微生物及酶活性的影响 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版) 2018 (2) 181-186
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of One-time Cattle Manure Application on Soil Fertility,Microorganism and Enzyme Activity Journal of Shandong Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition) 2018 (2) 181-186

一次性施入牛粪对土壤肥力和土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

作  者：
王亚奇;杜桂英;崔晓文;周君;肖伟;束怀瑞;高东升;李玲
单  位：
山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院;五莲县农业局
关键词：
牛粪;土壤肥力;土壤生物活性
摘  要：
为了减少农业劳动力,探讨一次性施入有机肥对丘陵地区土壤的改良效果,于2016年4月~2017年11月进行大田试验。本文以牛粪为原料,设置不同用量的牛粪处理,以常规施肥为对照,研究一次性施入牛粪对土壤肥力、微生物生物量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥(100000 kg/hm~2)相比,一次性施入200000 kg/hm~2(T1)、300000 kg/hm~2(T2)和400000 kg/hm~2(T3)牛粪处理能显著增加20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,以300000 kg/hm~2(T2)处理的效果最为显著。在5月份,300000 kg/hm~2(T2)处理的各土层有机质含量分别比CK高56.82%和108.20%,6月份,300000 kg/hm~2(T2)处理的各土层碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量分别是CK的4.45倍、7.28倍、2.15倍和2.99倍、2.19倍、1.81倍;一次性施入不同用量的牛粪能显著提高各土层土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶的活性,在苹果各个生长发育时期中均以300000 kg/hm~2(T2)处理的效果最佳;与CK相比,一次性施入不同用量的牛粪处理的不同土层细菌和放线菌数量显著增加,并且明显抑制了真菌的增长,以300000 kg/hm~2(T2)处理的效果最为显著。综合考虑,在丘陵地区果园管理中,以一次性施入300000 kg/hm~2牛粪处理为宜,既可以减少果园劳动力,又可提高土壤肥力,增加土壤生物活性。
译  名：
Effects of One-time Cattle Manure Application on Soil Fertility,Microorganism and Enzyme Activity
作  者：
WANG Ya-qi;DU Gui-ying;CUI Xiao-wen;ZHOU Jun;XIAO Wei;SHU Huai-rui;GAO Dong-sheng;LI Ling;College of Horticulture Science and Engineering/Shandong Agricultural University;Wulian County Bureau of Agriculture;
关键词：
Cattle manure;;soil fertility;;soil bio-activity
摘  要：
In order to reduce labor force and expound the improved effect of one-time organic fertilizer application on soil in hilly area, a field experiment was set up in April 2016 to November 2017. This study arranged different a amount of cow manure treatment and conventional fertilization was regarded as control to study the effects of one-time application of cow manure on soil fertility, microbial biomass and enzyme activity. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization(100000 kg/hm~2, CK), the treatments of 200000 kg/hm~2(T1), 300000 kg/hm~2(T2) and 400000 kg/hm~2(T3) cow manure increased soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 20 ~ 40 cm and 40~ 60 cm soil layers and the 300000 kg/hm~2(T2) treatment was the best. In May, the contents of organic matter in different soil layers treated the 300000 kg/hm~2(T2) were 56.82 % and 108.20 % higher than that of CK, respectively. The 300000 kg/hm~2(T2) treatment improved the contents of alkaline N, available P and available K at 20 ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layers in June and were 4.45-fold, 7.28-fold, 2.15-fold and 2.99-fold, 2.19-fold(1.81-fold) of the control, respectively.Activities of soil urease, phosphatase and sucrase were increased significantly by the 300000 kg/hm~2 treatment during all growth and development period of apple. Compared with CK, 300000 kg/hm~2(T2) treatment raised obviously the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in different soil layers and inhibited the growth of fungi. In conclusion, one-time application of300000 kg/hm~2 cow manure in the orchard management of the hilly area was most suitable, which not only reduced the labor of the orchard, but also enhanced soil fertility and soil biological activity.

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