作 者：
郑益旻;郭李萍;杨荣全;曹飞;牛晓光;刁田田;云安萍;谢立勇
单 位：
沈阳农业大学农学院;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室
关键词：
菜田;氮肥利用率;氨挥发;N_2O排放;硝化抑制剂;脲酶抑制剂;生物炭
摘 要：
2018年6-11月在华北露地茄田设置不施肥处理(CK)、常规施氮处理(N1)、减氮20%处理(N2)、减氮50%处理(N3)、减氮20%并施用抑制剂包膜尿素处理(N2I)及减氮20%并增施生物炭(N2B)6个处理。测定并分析不同氮肥减施综合方案对作物氮肥利用率、土壤氨挥发及N_2O排放的影响。结果表明:(1)与常规施氮处理(N1)相比,减氮20%(N2)对茄子产量无显著影响,减氮50%处理(N3)茄子显著减产。施用抑制剂包膜尿素(N2I)或添加生物炭(N2B)可提高作物氮肥利用率。(2)土壤氨挥发、N_2O排放与施肥关系密切,各施肥处理的氨挥发、N_2O排放量均高于不施肥处理(CK),两种气体的排放系数分别为9.6%～14.8%(氨)和0.9%～1.1%(N_2O),排放通量峰值均出现于施肥之后。(3)与常规施氮(N1)相比,N2、N3、N2I和N2B的土壤氨挥发累积量分别降低20.3%、48.6%、41.7%和30.7%。在不影响产量的前提下,减氮20%并施用抑制剂包膜尿素处理(N2I)减排效果最好。(4)与常规施氮(N1)相比,N2、N3、N2I和N2B的N_2O累积排放量分别降低21.5%、41.7%、44.2%和31.6%。N2I处理的累积排放量远低于常规施氮(N1)处理,与减氮50%处理(N3)的N2O累积水平相当。综上,减氮20%并施用抑制剂包膜尿素处理对蔬菜产量无显著影响,氮肥利用率有一定程度提高,且对环境风险小,主要体现为氨挥发和N_2O减排效果显著,成本适中,是华北地区露地茄田增效减排的优选推荐方案。
译 名：
Analysis on the Effects of Increasing Efficiency and Reducing Emission of Nitrogen Fertilizer in an Eggplant Field on North China Plain
作 者：
ZHENG Yi-min;GUO Li-ping;YANG Rong-quan;CAO Fei;NIU Xiao-guang;DIAO Tian-tian;YUN An-ping;XIE Li-yong;College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture;
关键词：
Vegetable field;;Nitrogen use efficiency;;Ammonia volatilization;;N2O emission;;Nitrification inhibitor;;Urease inhibitor;;Biochar
摘 要：
In order to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilization on vegetable yield, nitrogen recovery rate and the ammonia volatilization as well as the N_2O emissions during the whole eggplant growth season(between June to November), six treatments were set in a typical open-ground eggplant field on the North plain. Six treatments included no fertilization(CK), conventional nitrogen rate(N1), nitrogen rate reduction by 20%(N2), nitrogen rate reduction by 50%(N3), nitrogen rate reduction by 20% combined with inhibitor coated urea(N2I), and nitrogen rate reduction by 20% with amendment of biochar(N2B). The results showed that,(i) compared with conventional N rate(N1), reduction of N by 20%(N2) did not have significant impact on the eggplant yield; while N rate reduction by 50%(N3) resulted in the obvious decrease of vegetable crop. Application of inhibitor coated urea or biochar can improve the N recovery efficiency to some extent, respectively.(ii) Both ammonia volatilization and N_2O emissions were closely related to the fertilization with the emissions higher than no fertilizer treatment significantly. Both the ammonia volatilization and N_2O emissions of each fertilization treatment were occurred after fertilization events, with the emission factors of 9.6%-14.8% for ammonia and 0.9%-1.1% for N_2O.(iii) Compared with the conventional N rate treatment(N1), the cumulative ammonia volatilization emissions of N2, N3, N2I and N2B decreased by 20.3%, 48.6%, 41.7% and 30.7%, respectively. Under the premise of not affecting the yield, N rate reduction by 20% combined with inhibitors coated urea(N2I) showed the lowest environmental risks for gas emissions.(iv) Compared with conventional N rate treatment(N1), the cumulative N_2O emission of N2, N3, N2 I and N2B showed decrease by 21.5%, 41.7%, 44.2% and 31.6%, respectively. The cumulative N_2O emission of N2I treatment was much lower than with conventional N rate(N1), and it was almost equivalent to that emitted from the treatment which showed N reduction by 50%(N3). Therefore, reducing N application rate by 20% or more and combined with inhibitor coated urea is the appropriate N management practice to ensure the vegetable yield, improve the N efficiency, and reduce ammonia volatilization and N_2O emissions in eggplant fields on North Chinese Plain.
