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苹果矮化砧木77-34选育研究

作  者:
李喜森;荣志祥;李恩生;谷大军;王家民;王景元;张同喜;郁香荷
单  位:
大连市旅顺口区农业中心;辽宁省果树研究所
关键词:
苹果砧木;矮化;选育
摘  要:
77-34是辽宁省果树研究所从1977年起.以Mg为母本人、黄海棠为父本杂交育成的。经近20年观察、鉴定、大面积生产试栽,已明确其具有下列主要特性:①属半矮化类型砧木;②以其为中间砧的早果、丰产性不低于M26为中间砧的;③与山定子、海棠、新疆野苹果等多种基砧,大、中、小果多种主栽品种亲和性好;④生根性能与M9相近;⑤在北纬44°40'的新疆奎屯和北纬45°10'的黑龙江省林口县等高寒地区,露地栽培能安全越冬,无冻害表现,具有引进的M系等砧木不能比的很强的抗寒能力;⑥抗盐(NaCl)能力明显高于山定子,与黄海棠相近;⑦对低温(-37.5℃)、高热(3℃)。干旱(年降水60~70mm、生长季蒸发量960mm)、多湿(年降水800-1200mm)及大幅度变温(昼夜温差27℃)等多种不良自然条件都有很强的适应能力。77-34于1995年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定。1989~1998年10年间,在长江以北13个省、市、自治区试栽推广3845hm2,一累计生产苹果1.34亿kg,产值2.93亿元,纯收入1.9亿元。
译  名:
Report on the breeding of a new apple dwarf stock-77-34
作  者:
LI Xi-sen; RONG Zhi-xiang; LI En-sheng; GU Da-jun WANG; Jia-min WANG ;Jing-yuan; ZHANG TOng-xi; YU Xiang-he (1 Liaoning Institute of Pomology Xiongyao 115214;2 Agriculture center of Lushunkou District Dalian 116041)
关键词:
Apple stock; Dwarf; Breeding and Selection
摘  要:
77-34 (M9xM.prunifolia),a new apple dwarf stock was crossbreeded in 1977.Its main characteristics have been clear by observing identifying and planting experimentally in the past 20 years: (1)It belongs to semidwarf stock.(2)Precocity and productivity is not lower than M26.(3)The grafing compatibility with Mbaccota, M.Sieversii and many main varieties is good .(4)Rooting ability is similar to M9.(5)It could survive securely in the winter at high ance. The cold hardness is better than M9.(6)Salt (NaCl) resistance is higher than M.baccofa and similar to M.prunifolia.(7)Adaptability to many kinds of unfavourable nature condition (low temperaure,-37.5℃;high temperature,38℃;drought; high humidity; temperature change between day and night, 27℃is high.1995 was approved by Crop Variety Approving Committee of Liaoning Province in 1995.1989~1998,it was extended 3845hm2 in 13provineces,municipalities and autonomous regions in northern China.

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