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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 磁场和基质对中华鳖孵化性比和孵化率的影响 淡水渔业 2019,49 (3) 96-101
Position: Home > Articles > Effect of the magnetic field and substrates on the sex ratio and hatching rate of the chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis Freshwater Fisheries 2019,49 (3) 96-101

磁场和基质对中华鳖孵化性比和孵化率的影响

作  者：
刘飞;李戈锐;张家瑜;徐倩;杨福忠;李明;史习刚;谢春华;席在星
单  位：
大湖水殖股份有限公司;湖南省汉寿县特种水产科学研究所;湖南文理学院
关键词：
中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis);孵化率;孵化性比;磁场;基质;雌性化
摘  要：
采用铁氧永磁体静磁场、矿物基质处理,初步探讨磁场效应对中华鳖孵化率和雌性占比的影响。孵化于夏季室内自然条件下的实验结果显示,磁感应强度为1.2 mT的静磁场(N极或S极)处理导致中华鳖的孵化率为49.8%～51.0%,显著低于对照组的80.1%～81.5%;孵化后雌性占比为68.3%～69.5%,显著高于对照组的56.8%～58.5%,呈现雌性化诱导现象。蛭石基质中孵化率为90.4%,高于土壤对照组的82.1%;但是其雌性占比为48.2%,低于土壤对照组的56.6%。通过性腺外部形态和组织切片特征进行雌雄鉴定,解剖后雌性个体有明显白色线状输卵管,而雄性输精管不可见;组织切片中,卵巢中可见发育成型的初级卵泡,精巢中曲细精管处于形成早期。结果表明,静磁场处理可出现中华鳖孵化后雌性化诱导现象,但孵化率降低;蛭石基质中孵化可以提高中华鳖孵化率,土壤介质中孵化有更高的雌性占比。
译  名：
Effect of the magnetic field and substrates on the sex ratio and hatching rate of the chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis
作  者：
LIU Fei;LI Ge-rui;ZHANG Jia-yun;XU Qian;YANG Fu-Zhong;LI Ming;SHI Xi-gang;XIE Chun-hua;XI Zai-xing;Key Laboratory of Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province,Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province , Hunan University of Arts and Science;Hanshou Institute of Special Aquaculture;Engineering Technique Research Center of Aquaculture in Hunan Province, Dahu Aquaculture Co.,Ltd;
关键词：
Pelodiscus sinensis;;hatchability;;sex ratio;;magnetic field;;hatchery substrate;;sexualization
摘  要：
The hatchability and sexual ratio of juvenile chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, were investigated using the ferric-oxygen permanent magnet and mineral hatchery substrate to affect its embryonic development process. The microanatomy and histological section of its gonad were adopted to distinguish the male or female of the juvenile turtles. The results of hatching experiment under the natural indoor condition in summer showed that the hatching rates of the turtles treated by the N pole or S pole of magnetic field(1.2 mT) were 49.8%～51%, sharply lower than 80.1%～81.5% in control. The female ratio of the offspring in above treatments were 68.3%～69.5%, apparently higher than 56.8%～58.5% in control. The feminization phenomenon was obviously occurred in the groups treated by state magnetic field.The hatching rates of the juvenile turtles incubated in vermiculite substrate averaged 90.4%, which was significantly higher than that in clay substrate in control(82.1%). The female ratio of the offspring treated by the vermiculite was 48.2%, apparently less than 56.6% in control. The sexual determination of the juvenile turtles was correctly guided that the oviduct was observed morphologically as a white line in the ovarium after dissection, while the seminiferous ducts were not observed in the testicle. In the tissue section of the gonads, there existed the well-developed primary follicles in the ovarium and the non-forming convoluted tubules in the testicle. The conclusions can be drawn that the chinese soft-shelled turtle treated by state magnetic field in the hatching period would result in feminization induction, but their hatchability would be dropped. The higher hatching rate of the turtle could be gotten by incubating in the vermiculite substrate than that in clay substrate, but the higher female ratio occured in the clay substrate than that in vermiculite substrate.

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