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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 细辛菌核疫病的研究 Ⅲ.细辛核盘菌有性世代的产生及其侵染规律 沈阳农业大学学报 1985 (3) 11-21
Position: Home > Articles > STUDIES ON SCLEROTIAL BLIGHT OF ASARUM HETEROTROPIDES VAR.MANCHURICUM——Ⅲ.THE GERMINATION OF SCLEROTIUM;THE PRODUCTION OF APOTHECIUM AND THE RULE OF INFECTION BY SCLEROTINIA ASARI Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University 1985 (3) 11-21

细辛菌核疫病的研究 Ⅲ.细辛核盘菌有性世代的产生及其侵染规律

作  者：
王崇仁;吴友三
摘  要：
细辛核盘菌 Sclerotinia asari Wu et C.R.Wang.在罹病细辛的地上部及整个根部可以形成大量茵核;这些菌核能否直接萌发侵染或形成有性世代借空气传播。这是病害侵染循环中的中心问题。试验结果表明:细辛核盘菌的菌核在自然条件下难以直接萌生菌丝体而发生侵染;而它的主要萌发形式是产生子囊盘,由于子囊盘的产生对湿度条件要求比较严格,因此其萌发机率较低,而且其子囊孢子因受树叶阻隔,也不易放射传播。菌核可在春秋两季萌发,但秋后因天气寒冷,只能形成子囊盘柄,不能出土,春季子囊盘出土起始于4月15～20日,终止于5月20日左右。子囊孢子放射起始于4月26日,终止于5月19日。子囊孢子的寿命为48小时至33天,子囊孢子以在细辛汁液中最易萌发,并只能从叶部伤口侵入,致病力较弱,构成初侵来源的可能性极小。如果排除有性世代的空气传播,细辛菌核疫病则应确定为捡疫性病害。根据 Adams 和 Ayers(1979)报道,有许多 Sclerotinia SPP 的子囊孢子可以藉风力传播而产生侵染,杨新美(1961)、H.J.Willetts et J.A.—L Wong(1980)等也报道 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 的主要侵染来源是子囊孢子;而 S.minor的菌核可直接萌发侵染致病。细辛核盘菌能够在病田中产生大量菌核,但它究竟能否萌发产生侵染或产生子囊孢子借空气传播,这是病害侵染循环中的一个中心问题。为弄清这个问题,作者从1979～1984年对细辛核盘菌菌核的萌发、有性世代的产生及其侵染规律进行了系统的研究,本文报道这方面的试验结果。
译  名：
STUDIES ON SCLEROTIAL BLIGHT OF ASARUM HETEROTROPIDES VAR.MANCHURICUM——Ⅲ.THE GERMINATION OF SCLEROTIUM;THE PRODUCTION OF APOTHECIUM AND THE RULE OF INFECTION BY SCLEROTINIA ASARI
作  者：
Chongren Wang Yusan Wa (C.R.Wang)(Y.S.Wu)
摘  要：
The Sclerotinia asari Wu et C.R.Wang could form a large quantity of sclerotia on the whole root and the above-ground part of the Asarum plant. We carried out experiments on the germination of sclerotium,the production of apothecium and the rule of infection by Sclerotinia asari in 1979—1984, the results are as follows. The sclerotium of Sclerotinia asari could not infect the Asarum plant by direct germination of hyphae in natural environment,because the sclerotium had a very low rate of germination,and it germinated only under the conditions of being induced by the root sap of Asarum.The main form of its germina- tion was the production of apothecium.The process usually took place under thick shade of leaves,which,however obstructed the transmission of asco- spores produced. The sclerotium could germinate in both spring and autumn.Because of the cold weather in autumn,itcould produce only a stalk of apothecium,which could not break through the soil.In spring the apothecium began to emerge from the soil on April 15—20th and stopped the process on May 20th. The spread of ascospores began on April 26th and stopped on May 19th. The life span of an ascospore lasted from 48 hours to 33 days.The most favorable environment for the germination of ascospores was the sap of Asarum.The ascospores were weak in pathogenicity and could only infect through the wounds in leaves.Thus,except for air transmission of the blast at sexual stage,the possibility of its spread by ascospores was very small. The disease can definitely be classified as one that is subject to quara- ntine.

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