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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 冬小麦亲本选配的研究——Ⅰ 杂种第一代优势和配合力的分析 作物学报 1963,2 (2) 117-130
Position: Home > Articles > STUDIES ON THE CHOICE OF PARENTS IN WHEAT CROSSES——Ⅰ.HEREROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN F_1 HYBRIDS Acta Agronomica Sinica 1963,2 (2) 117-130

冬小麦亲本选配的研究——Ⅰ 杂种第一代优势和配合力的分析

作  者：
庄巧生;王恒立;曾启明;李英婵;李登春
单  位：
中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所
摘  要：
本文通过优势和配合力的分析研究小麦亲本选配问题。试验表明:杂种第一代的一株粒重、一穗粒重、千粒重的优势最大,一般比两亲平均值大20—30%;其次为株高和抽穗期:其他穗部性状的优势很小或无显性。应用遗传变量成分分析法估算八个性状的配合力,在供试的亲本中,以穗长和结实小穗数的一般配合力为最大;株高、一穗粒数和一穗粒重次之;千粒重与一株穗数,一般配合力和特殊配合力所占的比重互有高低,因组合类型而异;一株粒重的一般配合力最小,它的特殊配合力占居主导地位。一般配合力大的性状,杂种与两亲平均值的相关或迴归系数也大。初步认为,在第一代对亲本或组合的评价,既要看杂种的实际表现,还要考虑它的优势,而以前者为主要依据;两亲平均值也有相当重要的意义。
译  名：
STUDIES ON THE CHOICE OF PARENTS IN WHEAT CROSSES——Ⅰ.HEREROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY IN F_1 HYBRIDS
作  者：
C.S.Chwang H.L.Wang C.M.Tseng Y.C.Li and T.C. Li (Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Peking)
摘  要：
Heterosis and genetic variance component studies on 36 wheat crosses and 14 parentsrevealed that:1.Yield per plant,kernels per spike and kernel weight of F_1 hybrids showed a markedheterosis over mid-parental values by 20-30%.Plant height and date of heading ranked next,which averaged about 10% in magnitude,being negative in direction for heading date.Fertilespikelets per head manifested only a slight degree of heterosis.F_(1-)MP's for these characterswere highly significant as shown by t-tests.However,head length,kernel weight per head andheads per plant showed,on the average,no heterosis.2.Variability of heterosis of these characters descended in the following order:yield perplant→heads per plant,fertile spikelets per head→kernel weight per head,kernel perhead→kernel weight→heading date→head length,plant height.3.Heritability estimates (in the broad sense) as analyzed from F_1 data were from highto low as follows:head length→plant height→kernel weight→kernel weight per head→kernel per head,fertile spikelets per head→heads per plant,yield per plant.4.Relative values of general comining ability (g.c.a.) from high to low were as follows:head length,fertile spikelets per plant→plant height,kernels per head→kernel weight perhead→kernel weight,heads per plant→yield per plant.For yield per plants,specific com-bining ability played an important role.5.There was a close relation between the general combining ability value and the cor-relation or regression coefficient of F_1 on m(?)d-parental values.The larger the g.c.a.value,the higher the correlation or regression coefficient,indicating that many characters of F_1 hybridswere determined to a certain extent by parental means.The r or b value became non-significantas the g.c.a.decreased below 40%.6.In predicting the breeding value of parents or hybrid combinations,actual performanceof F_1 hybrids should be emphasized first.The extent of heterosis might also be of value,sincea part of heterosis arisen from epistasis could be fixed in later generations.Mid-parentalvalues were of considerable importance.

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