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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 圆叶决明硼胁迫症状及施硼效应研究 草业学报 2008,17 (1) 10-16+155
Position: Home > Articles > Symptoms of boron stress on Chamaecrista rotundifolia and effects of applying boron fertilizer Acta Prataculturae Sinica 2008,17 (1) 10-16+155

圆叶决明硼胁迫症状及施硼效应研究

作  者：
黄东风;翁伯琦;熊德中;罗涛;应朝阳
单  位：
福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;福建农林大学资源与环境学院;福建省农业科学院生态农业研究所
关键词：
山地红壤;圆叶决明;硼;胁迫症状;施硼效应
摘  要：
通过盆栽试验研究了红壤中硼元素胁迫(缺乏或过量)对圆叶决明植株硼含量、生物产量、植株叶片的形态结构和叶肉细胞叶绿体的影响。结果表明,与不施硼肥处理相比,施用不同浓度的硼肥(1,3,5和7 mg B/kg土)均能明显提高圆叶决明植株硼含量和植株干重,增幅分别为87.33%~549.33%和48.6%~86.2%,其中以3 mg B/kg土处理的植株干物质重最高,为2.57 g/株,增加率为86.2%;当施用5 mg B/kg土时,圆叶决明植株的硼含量为79.981 mg/kg,并开始出现硼中毒症状,7 mg B/kg土处理的圆叶决明硼中毒症状更为明显;圆叶决明硼胁迫(缺乏或过量)时叶肉细胞叶绿体数量减少,叶绿体与细胞壁的结合松散,基质片层的重叠较少,柱状基粒的数量很少或没有;硼缺乏胁迫时,对叶绿体的破坏作用主要表现在破坏叶绿体双层膜结构和基粒片层的垛叠,以及促进脂质片层的溶解;而硼过量胁迫时,对叶绿体的破坏作用主要表现在破坏基粒和促进脂质片层的溶解,而对叶绿体的双层膜结构的影响不明显。最后通过田间试验研究了山地红壤区圆叶决明施用硼肥的效应,结果表明,施用不同浓度的硼肥(1.5,3.0,4.5 kg B/hm2)处理均能增加圆叶决明植株的硼含量和生物产量,增幅分别为13.0%~32.4%和7.2%~34.2%。
译  名：
Symptoms of boron stress on Chamaecrista rotundifolia and effects of applying boron fertilizer
作  者：
HUANG Dong-feng1,WENG Bo-qi2,XIONG De-zhong3,LUO Tao1,YING Zhao-yang2 (1.Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science,Fuzhou 350013,China;2.Institute of Ecological Agriculture,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science,Fuzhou 350013,China;3.Department of Resource and Environment,Fujian University of Agriculture and Forest,Fuzhou 350002,China)
关键词：
mountainous red soil area;Chamaecrista rotundifolia;boron;stress symptom;effect of applying boron fertilizer
摘  要：
In a potted plant trial,the effects of stress from lack or excessive boron element in red soil on the form and structure of leaves, chloroplasts,and on the boron content of plants and on biological yield of Chamaecrista rotundifolia were researched.Compared with no boron treatment,application of different concentrations of boron fertilizer(1,3,5,and 7 mg B/kg soil) enhanced the boron content and plant dry weight of C.rotundifolia by 87.33%-549.33% and 48.6%-86.2%,respectively.After applying 3 mg B/kg soil the plant dry weight reached a maximum of 2.57 g/plant,an increase of 86.2%.Applying 5 mg B/kg soil increased the boron content in C.rotundifolia to 79.981 mg/kg,but poisoning symptoms started to be observed,and were more obvious by using 7 mg B/kg soil.Symptoms of boron stress(lacking or excessive) on C.rotundifolia included a reduction in the number of chloroplasts in leaves,the combination of chloroplast and cell walls was lost,the number of folded lamellae in chloroplasts was reduced,and there were few or columned grana.A low concentration or absence of boron(1 mg B/kg soil or CK respectively) mainly destroyed the formation of the two-layer-membrane of chlorophyll,the piling up of chloroplast lamellae,and promoted the dissolution of chloroplast lamellae.High boron concentrations(5 or 7 mg B/kg soil) mainly destroyed the piling up of chloroplast lamellae and promoted the dissolution of chloroplast lamellae,but did not influence the two-layer-membrane of chlorophyll.Finally,effects of applying boron fertilizer on C.rotundifolia planted in the mountainous red soil area were studied with field plot trials and showed that: Applying different rates of boron fertilizer(1.5,3.0,4.5 kg B/hm2)could also enhance the boron content and biological yield of C.rotundifolia by 13.0%-32.4% and 7.2%-34.2% respectively.

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