作 者：
安娜;高纪超;韩雅棋;郭绮雯;许永华;张晋京;关松
单 位：
吉林农业大学资源与环境学院;吉林农业大学生命科学学院;吉林农业大学中药材学院;中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所
关键词：
人参;畜禽粪肥;土壤理化性质;真菌群落;高通量测序
摘 要：
为研究施用畜禽粪肥对大田栽培人参土壤的改良作用,结合田间和盆栽试验,采用常规化学分析和土壤微生物群落高通量基因测序方法,研究了施用牛粪、鹿粪和鸡粪对土壤团聚体组成、腐殖物质含量、有效态养分含量以及土壤真菌群落结构组成的影响。结果表明:与未施肥对照(ck)土壤相比,施用粪肥土壤2～0. 25 mm大团聚体显著增加35. 3%～56. 6%;土壤有机碳和胡敏酸碳含量分别增加34. 0%～45. 5%和72. 8%～99. 2%;有效态N、P、K含量分别提高63. 6%～84. 9%、173. 0%～222. 0%和21. 4%～39. 2%。在土壤真菌群落Alpha多样性分析中,施用粪肥土壤Chao1、Ace、Shannon和Simpson指数分别是ck的2. 73～2. 88,2. 70～2. 87,1. 88～1. 96,1. 30～1. 32倍。土壤真菌门水平的优势菌群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota,相对丰度57. 1%～76. 2%),施用粪肥显著增加了接合菌门(Zygomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)和芽枝霉门(Blastocladiomycota)的相对丰度,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)显著减少。ck土壤真菌属水平的优势菌群为炭角菌属(Xylaria,相对丰度65. 1%),与ck相比,施用粪肥土壤真菌支顶孢属(Acremonium)、被孢霉属(Mortierella)、假裸囊菌属(Pseudogymnoascus)、地丝霉属(Geomyces)丰度大幅增加,成为施用粪肥土壤的优势菌群(4. 5%～25. 7%),青霉菌属(Penicillium)有所增加,而炭角菌属(Xylaria)相对丰度大幅减少,为0. 87%～6. 25%,施用鸡粪土壤镰刀菌属(Fusarium)真菌比ck增加3. 07倍。真菌群落丰度聚类热图和主成分分析表明,ck土壤真菌群落结构组成与施用粪肥土壤之间差异显著。综上,施用畜禽粪肥促进了人参栽培土壤良好团粒结构的形成,提高了有机碳、腐殖物质胡敏酸和有效态N、P、K含量,增加了土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性,显著改变了土壤真菌群落结构组成。与施用牛粪和鸡粪相比,施用鹿粪更有利于土壤2～0. 25 mm大团聚体的形成和胡敏酸的增加,施用牛粪与鹿粪有利于人参栽培土壤生防真菌支顶孢属(Acremonium)和青霉菌属(Penicillium)真菌的生长,有益于减少人参病害的发生,而施用鸡粪尽管增加生防真菌支顶孢属(Acremonium),但也大幅度增加了病原真菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium),可增加人参根腐病的发生风险。
译 名：
Effects of Manure Application on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Fungal Community Structure in Ginseng-planted Soil
作 者：
AN Na;GAO Jichao;HAN Yaqi;GUO Qiwen;XU Yonghua;ZHANG Jinjing;GUAN Song;College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;College of Life Sciences,Jilin Agricultural University;College of Chinese Medicine Materials,Jilin Agricultural University;
关键词：
Panax ginseng;;livestock and poultry manure;;soil physicochemical property;;fungal community;;high-throughput sequencing
摘 要：
The objective of the study was to examine modified effects of applying livestock and poultry manure on ginseng-planted farmland. By using the conventional chemical analysis and soil microbial high-throughput gene sequencing method,the effects of the addition of deer manure( DeM),cattle manure( CaM) and chicken manure( ChM) into soil on soil aggregates composition,humic substances,available nutrients and soil fungal community structure were studied in the field combined with pot experiment. Results showed,compared with unfertilized control soil( ck),the soil macroaggregates( 2-0. 25 mm) significantly increased by 35. 3%-56. 6% for amended soil. Soil organic carbon( SOC) and humic acid( HA) enhanced by 34. 0%-45. 5% and 72. 8%-99. 2%,respectively. Available N,P and K increased by 63. 6%-84. 9%,173. 0%-222. 0% and 21. 4%-39. 2%,respectively. For soil fungal Alpha diversity analysis,Chao1,Ace,Shannon and Simpson indexes in manure-applied soil were 2. 73-2. 88,2. 70-2. 87,1. 88-1. 96 and 1. 30-1. 32 times as much as those in control soil,respectively. Dominant fungal community in soil was Ascomycota( 57. 1%-76. 2% of relative abundance) on the phylum level. Relative abundance of Zygomycota,Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota significantly increased,and Basidiomycota decreased under manure application. The dominant fungal community was Xylaria( 65. 1% of relative abundance) on the genus level for ck treatment. Compared to ck,relative abundance of Acremonium,Mortierella,Pseudogymnoascus and Geomyces had substantial increase and became the dominant fungal community( 4. 5%-25. 7%),Penicillium enhanced,under manure application. whereas Xylaria decreased to0. 87%-6. 25% with a great extent. Moreover,Fusarium was 3. 07 times more in ChM treatment than in ck. The cluster heatmap and principal component analysis of soil fungal community indicated that the difference in the fungal community structure composition was significant between ck and applied manure treatments. In conclusion,the application of livestock and poultry manure into ginsengplanted soil promotes the formation of good aggregates structure,improves contents of SOC,HA,and available N,P and K,increases richness and diversity of soil fungi community,and alters significantly composition of soil fungal community structure. Compared with CaM and ChM treatments,deer manure application is more beneficial to formation of soil macroaggregates and increase of HA.The application of cattle and deer manure into soil is beneficial to the growth of Acremonium and Penicillium. Acremonium and Penicillium,as biocontrol fungi,and good for the decrease of ginseng disease. Although the application of chicken manure increases Acremonium,it also significantly enhances Fusarium,which might cause the risk of ginseng root rot.
