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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 地下穴贮滴灌系统的设计及其对‘赤霞珠’葡萄生长和水分利用效率的影响 果树学报 2014,31 (3) 386-393
Position: Home > Articles > Design of underground container of reserving fertilizer and water drip irrigation system and its effects on the plant growth and water use efficiency of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon' grape Journal of Fruit Science 2014,31 (3) 386-393

地下穴贮滴灌系统的设计及其对‘赤霞珠’葡萄生长和水分利用效率的影响

作  者：
于坤;郁松林;刘怀峰;王文静;许雯博;白泽晨
单  位：
石河子大学农学院·新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室
关键词：
葡萄;地下穴贮滴灌;水分利用效率;土壤体积含水率
摘  要：
【目的】探讨有效解决地上滴灌所引起的果树根系上浮问题和地下滴灌在应用过程中的堵塞问题,促进先进节水技术应用于果业生产。【方法】提出了新型地下穴贮滴灌系统的工作原理、设计要求,通过田间试验验证该系统进行大田推广应用的可行性,采用土柱栽培法探讨地下穴贮滴灌、膜下滴灌、普通滴灌3种不同滴灌方式对‘赤霞珠’葡萄幼苗生长和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】田间试验表明,在一次灌水量201.9 m3·hm-2、穴贮容器间距为0.25m或0.5 m、灌水压强高于15 kPa时,地下穴贮滴灌系统灌水均匀度大于85%,符合中国农田水利标准规定的标准;通过不同滴灌方式对‘赤霞珠’葡萄根系发育的影响的土柱试验结果表明,地下穴贮滴灌系统(SDI)较膜下滴灌(MDI)和普通滴灌(DI)能够保持土壤深度30~50 cm处土壤体积含水率的稳定性,在同一灌水量和灌水频次条件下MDI和SDI均能促进植株的生长,SDI能更有效促进根系的生长和下扎,MDI则更明显的促进地上部的生长,DI水分散失较快,葡萄幼苗较易受到干旱胁迫的影响,其根冠比排列为MDI
译  名：
Design of underground container of reserving fertilizer and water drip irrigation system and its effects on the plant growth and water use efficiency of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon' grape
作  者：
YU Kun;YU Song-lin;LIU Huai-feng;WANG Wen-jing;XU Wen-bo;BAI Ze-chen;Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Group·College of Agronomy,Shihezi University;
关键词：
Grape;;Subsurface drip irrigation;;Water use efficiency;;Volumetric soil water content
摘  要：
【Objective】 The study was to solve the problem of root floating under the ground drip irrigation and congestion under subsurface drip irrigation and to promote application of advanced water-saving technology in fruit industry. 【Method】 The design principle and the design requirements of the container of reserving fertilizer and water drip irrigation system were proposed in the research. The system mainly included pump, delivery supervisor, pressure diffierential tank, filter, switch, watermeter, capillary tube, the container of reserving fertilizer and water and water inlet. There was a current regulator between water inlet pipe and capillary tube. The container of reserving fertilizer and water was composed of a water inlet hole, permeability and water storage bucket chassis, which was a disposable paper bag with length8 cm and width 6 cm, containing 0.1 kg organic fertilizer including cow dung and fully-fermented crop straw, and 1.2 g drought resistant agent. Effects on grape seedling growth and water use efficiency of‘Cabernet Sauvignon' were investigated in three different drip irrigation patterns i.e. drip irrigation under plastic film(MDI), conventional drip irrigation(DI) and underground cavern storage drip irrigation system(SDI). The feasibility of the system application in industry was verified though filed experiment. 【Result】Irrigation uniformity was more than 85% in the underground cave storage irrigation, which met China's water conservancy standard, using 201.9 m3·ha-1as an irrigation, 0.25 m or 0.5 m as cave storage container spacing and more than 15 kPa as water pressure. Effects on the root development of Cabernet Sauvignon showed that compared with MDI and DI, SDI could maintain the stability of 30 cm to 50 cm depth of soil moisture content. Compared with MDI and SDI,water lost quickly and grape seedlings were susceptible to drought stress under DI system. Plant growth was promoted by SDI and MDI under the same irrigation quantity and frequency. Root growth and root penetration were promoted by SDI, while aboveground growth was promoted by MDI. The leaf water use efficiency in an irrigation cycle and the plant water use efficiency in the growth period of grape were improved by SDI and MDI and the ratio of root to shoot was ranked as MDI

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