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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 黑土地保护与秸秆富集深还 吉林农业大学学报 2016,38 (5) 511-516
Position: Home > Articles > Black Earth Conservation and Corn Stover Deep Incorporation to Subsoil Journal of Jilin Agricultural University 2016,38 (5) 511-516

黑土地保护与秸秆富集深还

作  者：
窦森
单  位：
吉林农业大学资源与环境学院
关键词：
黑土;黑土地保护;表土剥离;秸秆深还;秸秆富集深还
摘  要：
介绍了吉林省黑土地保护的范围、存在的问题和保护措施,特别介绍了秸秆富集深还技术模式及其优点、适用条件和实施效果。我国黑土是世界上四大黑土区之一,吉林省的黑土区(软土)为8.63万km~2,其中发生学分类的黑土为1.1万km~2,分别占全国的32%和15%。黑土退化的主要表现是黑土"变少了""变薄了""变瘦了",其主要原因是建设占用和不当耕作。黑土地保护的主要措施是通过合理耕作和秸秆深还来形成深厚、肥沃、健康的耕作层和亚表层;对于不可避免的建设占用耕地实施表土剥离与再利用,同时尽快完成城市边界、永久基本农田边界、生态边界的"三界"划定,保护黑土资源。就秸秆深还而言,提倡机械化秸秆富集深还,即将玉米秸秆粉碎并富集到一个条带后,以风力注入的方式埋入土壤亚表层20~40 cm的技术模式。其优点是土层顺序不变,并可2~4倍量富集秸秆,达到连年条带轮耕深还秸秆的目的,彻底解决秸秆焚烧和土壤培肥之急需。
译  名：
Black Earth Conservation and Corn Stover Deep Incorporation to Subsoil
作  者：
DOU Sen;College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University;
关键词：
mollisol;;conservation of black earth;;surface soil stripping;;corn stover deep incorporation(CSDI);;corn stover enrichment and deep incorporation(CSEDI)
摘  要：
This paper reviewed the ranges,problems and measures about the conservation of black earth in Jilin province. The technical mode of corn stover enrichment and deep incorporation( CSEDI) and its advantages,adaptable conditions and implementation effect were introduced particularly.The black earth in China is one of the four black earth regions in the world. The area of black earth( mollisols) in Jilin province is 86 300 km~2,which accounts for 32% of total black earth in China,and the area of black soil from genetic classification in Jilin province is 11 000 km~2,which accounts for 15% of the total black soil. The main degradations of mollisols in China are characterized by decreasing area,thinning surface soil layer and dropping fertility. Cultivated land which is being occupied by construction side and unreasonable tillage are the main reasons of above degradation. There are two measures of black earth protection: firstly,to form a deep,fertile and healthy plow and subsoil layer by reasonable tillage and corn stover deep incorporation( CSDI); secondly,to implement surface soil tripping and reuse the cultivated land currently occupied inevitably by construction projects. And at the same time,"Three Boundaries"( the city boundary,the permanent boundary of basic farmland and the ecological boundary) should be eliminated as soon as possible in order to protect the resources of mollisols. In terms of corn stover enrichment and deep incorporation with mechanization,it is a suitable technology model that embeds corn stover to the subsoil( 20-40 cm)by wind injection after grinding and enriching. Its advantages are invariable for soil layers sequence and enriching stover amounts from twice to four times,so that CSDI can be applied in strip tillage rotation,year by year,and consequently solve the urgent problems of straw burning and soil fertility degradation.

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