作 者：
阮栋;周桂莲;陈芳;林厦菁;苟钟勇;范秋丽;郑春田;蒋守群
单 位：
广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所畜禽育种国家重点实验室农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室广东省畜禽育种与营养重点实验室
关键词：
硫胺素;黄羽肉鸡;需要量;抗氧化能力;肉品质
摘 要：
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平硫胺素对1～63日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、肉品质和风味的影响,以确定不同生长阶段黄羽肉鸡硫胺素需要量。试验采用单因素随机分组试验设计,分别选取1、22、43日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡进行3个试验,每个试验的饲养周期为21 d。试验1选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡公雏1 920羽,随机分为8组,每组6个重复,每个重复40羽鸡;试验2选取22日龄公鸡1 440羽,随机分为8组,每组6个重复,每个重复30羽鸡;试验3选取43日龄公鸡1 440羽,分组同试验2。1～21日龄、22～42日龄和43～63日龄各组饲粮硫胺素添加水平分别为0(对照)、0.6、1.2、1.8、2.4、3.0、3.6和4.2 mg/kg。试验期间试验鸡地面平养,自由采食颗粒饲料和自由饮水。结果表明:1)随着饲粮硫胺素水平的升高,1～21日龄试鸡平均日采食量呈线性增加(P <0.05),平均日增重呈线性和二次曲线增加(P <0.05),料重比呈线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05),且平均日增重(r=0.779,P<0.05)和料重比(r=-0.688,P<0.05)均呈显著的剂量效应关系;饲粮硫胺素水平对22～42日龄和43～63日龄试鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)21日龄和42日龄试鸡血浆还原型谷胱甘肽含量和还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽值随饲粮硫胺素水平的升高呈线性增加(P <0.05),且呈显著的正相关(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,当饲粮硫胺素添加水平为3.6 mg/kg时,21日龄试鸡血浆总抗氧化力显著提高(P<0.05),血浆丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)饲粮硫胺素水平对21日龄、42日龄和63日龄试鸡大脑丙酮酸脱氢酶和α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶活性均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。4)随着饲粮硫胺素水平的升高,63日龄试鸡胸肌剪切力呈线性降低(P<0.05),鸡肉风味评分呈线性提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加硫胺素可改善黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和肉品质;分别以平均日增重和料重比为效应指标,通过二次曲线回归方程估测得到,1～21日龄、22～42日龄和43～63日龄快速型黄羽肉鸡饲粮硫胺素适宜水平分别为3.2、2.4、1.8 mg/kg和3.0、2.0、1.6 mg/kg。
译 名：
Thiamine Requirement for Fast-Growing Yellow-Feathered Chickens from 1 to 63 Days of Age
作 者：
RUAN Dong;ZHOU Guilian;CHEN Fang;LIN Xiajing;GOU Zhongyong;FAN Qiuli;ZHENG Chuntian;JIANG Shouqun;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences;
关键词：
thiamine;;yellow-feathered chickens;;requirement;;antioxidant capacity;;meat quality
摘 要：
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of thiamine on growth performance,antioxidant capacity,meat quality and flavor of fast-growing yellow-feathered chickens from 1 to 63 days of age,in order to determine the thiamine requirement for yellow-feathered chickens at different growth stages. A single factor test design was adopted in the experiment,and the fast-growing Lingnan yellow-feathered chickens at 1,22 and 43 days of age were selected for feeding trial with three stages of 21 days each. In experiment 1,a total of 1 920 male chicks at 1 day of age were selected and randomly divided into 8 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 40 chickens in each replicate. In experiment 2,a total of 1 440 male chickens at 22 days of age were selected and randomly divided into 8 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 30 chickens in each replicate. In experiment 3,a total of 1 440 male chickens at 43 days of age were selected and grouped with the same of experiment 2. The dietary thiamine levels of each group from 1 to 21,22 to 42 and 43 to 63 days of age were 0(control),0.6,1.2,1.8,2.4,3.0,3.6 and 4.2 mg/kg,respectively. During the experiment,chickens were raised flat on the ground and fed pellet feed and drank water freely. The results showed as follows:1)with the increase of dietary thiamine level,the average daily feed intake of chickens from 1 to 21 days of age was linearly increased(P<0.05),the average daily gain was linearly and quadratic increased(P<0.05),the feed to gain ratio was linearly and quadratic decreased(P<0.05),and the average daily gain(r= 0.779,P<0.05)and the feed to gain(r=-0.688,P<0.05)showed significant doseresponse relationship. Dietary thiamine level had no significant effects on the average daily feed intake,average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of chickens from 22 to 42 and 43 to 63 days of age(P>0.05). 2)The plasma reduced glutathione content and reduced glutathione to oxidative glutathione ratio of chickens at 21 and 42 days of age were linearly increased with the increase of dietary thiamine level(P<0.05),and there was a significant positive correlation(P<0.05). Compared with the control group,when the dietary thiamine supplemental level was 3.6 mg/kg,the plasma total antioxidant activity of chickens at 21 days of age was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the plasma malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased(P<0.05). 3)Dietary thiamine level had no significant effects on the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase andα-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in brain of chickens at 21,42 and 63 days of age(P>0.05). 4)With the dietary thiamine level increasing,the shear force in breast muscle of chickens at 63 days of age was linearly decreased(P<0.05),and the chicken flavor score was linearly increased(P < 0. 05). In summary,dietary thiamine can improve the growth performance,antioxidant capacity and meat quality of yellow-feathered chickens. Based on the average daily gain and feed to gain ratio,the optimal thiamine levels estimated by quadratic regression equation for fastgrowing yellow-feathered chickens from 1 to 21 days of age,22 to 42 days of age and 43 to 63 days of age are 3.2,2.4,1.8 mg/kg and 3.0,2.0,1.6 mg/kg,respectively.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(12):6757-6770]
