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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 虾蛄消化系统的组织学和组织化学研究 中国水产科学 1999,6 (4) 13-17
Position: Home > Articles > Histological and histochemical studies on the digestive system of Squilla oratoria Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 1999,6 (4) 13-17

虾蛄消化系统的组织学和组织化学研究

作  者：
崔龙波;周雪莹;钱雪莲;陆瑶华
单  位：
烟台大学生化系
关键词：
虾蛄;消化系统;组织学;组织化学
摘  要：
虾蛄（ Ｓｑｕｉｌｌａ ｏｒａｔｏｒｉａ） 的消化系统由消化道和中肠腺组成，前者包括口、食道、贲门胃、幽门胃、中肠和中肠盲囊、后肠以及肛门。中肠腺甚为发达，为复管状腺，腺管上皮由分泌细胞、储存细胞、吸收细胞和胚细胞４ 种类型细胞组成。分泌细胞的顶端有一明显的分泌囊泡，呈现蛋白酶、非特异性酯酶和脂酶活性，可通过分泌囊泡外排或顶端细胞质崩解而向腺腔分泌水解酶类，后者进入消化道对食物进行细胞外消化。吸收细胞细胞质内含丰富的ＲＮＡ 和蛋白质，表明该细胞具有旺盛的蛋白质合成功能。储存细胞含有糖原和脂类，其基部质膜显示碱性磷酶酶活性，表明储存细胞可将细胞内的营养物质转运至腺管间的血窦。胚细胞体积较小，胞质嗜碱性，但细胞核大而圆。消化道粘膜上皮主要为柱状细胞，贲门胃和幽门胃上皮细胞表面有几丁质层覆盖。贲门胃肌层发达，主要起机械研磨食物的作用。幽门胃的几丁质层特化形成间壶腹脊和壶腹上脊，两者相互配合而起过滤作用。中肠粘膜上皮细胞表面无几丁质层，上皮细胞呈现蛋白酶、非特异性酯酶和脂酶活性，表明中肠也能分泌消化水解酶。中肠上皮细胞具有微绒毛，亦表明中肠可能参与食物的吸收。后肠肠腔虽宽大，但其上皮细胞仅呈现较弱的非特异性酯酶活性，故后
译  名：
Histological and histochemical studies on the digestive system of Squilla oratoria
作  者：
Cui Longbo Zhou Xueying Qian Xuelian Lu Yaohua (Department of Biochemistry,Yantai University,Yantai 264005)
关键词：
Squilla oratoria, digestive system, histology, histochemistry
摘  要：
The digestive system of Squilla oratoriaDe Hean was studied by histological and histochemical methods.The digestive system includes digestive tract and hepatopancreas. The former consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach(cardiac stomach and phloric stomach), midgut and midgut caecum,hindgut and anus. The hepatopancreas is well developed. It is a multitubular gland.The tubular epithelium consists of secretory cells,storage cells,absorptive cells and embryonic cells. There is an obvious secretory vesicle in the apical region of secretory cells. The cells show activity of proteinase,non-specific esterase and lipase. They may secrete the enzymes into tubular lumina by exocytosis of the secretory vesicles or disintegration of the apical region of the cells. The enzymes are transported into digestive tract and play a role in the extracellular digestion. The absorptive cells are rich in RNA and protein,which shows that the cells can synthesize protein actively. The storage cells contain lipid and glycogen,and show alkaline phosphatase activity in the basal plasma membrane.The results show that the cells can transport nutritive materials into blood space among tubules. The embryonic cells are small.The cytoplasms are basophilic and the nuclei are large. The mucosa epithelium of the digestive tract consists mainly of columnar cells.The epithelial surface of the stomach is covered by cuticle.The cardiac stomach has well-developed muscular layer. It may grind food mechanically. The cuticle in the phloric stomach is specialized into infra ampullary ridge and supra ampullary ridge which can filter food.The epithelial surface of the midgut is covered by no cuticle. The epithelial cells show activity of proteinase, non-specific esterase and lipase, which shows that the midgut may also secrete digestive enzymes. The microvilli in the epithelial cells indicates the midgut may absorb food. The lumen of the hindgut is large, while the epithelial cells show weak activity of non-specific esterase and no activity of proteinase and lipase.So the hindgut may play a role only in storage and excretion of faces. The esophageal gland locates in submucosa of the esophagus.The gland cells which are pyramidal in shape secrete acid mucopoly saccharides.

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