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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 水肥耦合对华北高产农区小麦-玉米产量和土壤硝态氮淋失风险的影响 中国生态农业学报 2011,19 (3) 532-539
Position: Home > Articles > Effect of fertilization and irrigation on wheat-maize yield and soil nitrate nitrogen leaching in high agricultural yield region in North China Plain Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 2011,19 (3) 532-539

水肥耦合对华北高产农区小麦-玉米产量和土壤硝态氮淋失风险的影响

作  者：
张玉铭;张佳宝;胡春胜;赵炳梓;朱安宁;张立周;宋利娜
单  位：
封丘农田生态系统国家试验站;河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院;中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心
关键词：
冬小麦-夏玉米轮作;水肥耦合;土壤;硝态氮;淋失风险;累积峰;根区
摘  要：
在封丘农田生态系统国家试验站,通过多组水肥组合试验,研究了冬小麦-夏玉米轮作下,水、肥对作物产量、硝态氮在土壤剖面中的分布特征及其淋失风险的影响。结果表明,适宜灌溉情况下,氮磷配施是提高作物产量的关键,氮钾配施与磷钾配施增产效果不明显。统计结果表明,各因素对小麦产量影响次序依次为氮肥≥磷肥>灌溉>钾肥,对玉米产量的影响次序为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥>灌溉,只有氮磷对作物产量的影响达到统计学上的显著性差异。随着施氮量和灌溉量的增加,硝态氮累积峰峰值增加,峰厚度加厚,出现位置加深,且根区外硝态氮含量亦显著增加,极大地提高了硝态氮的淋失风险。适宜氮肥用量与适宜灌溉是减轻硝态氮淋失风险的关键,氮磷配施可有效降低深层土壤硝态氮累积。研究区域适宜氮肥用量为每年400 kg(N).hm-2,适宜磷肥用量为每年225 kg(P2O5).hm-2,一般降雨年型全年灌溉量以280 mm左右为宜。
译  名：
Effect of fertilization and irrigation on wheat-maize yield and soil nitrate nitrogen leaching in high agricultural yield region in North China Plain
作  者：
ZHANG Yu-Ming1,2,3,ZHANG Jia-Bao1,HU Chun-Sheng2,ZHAO Bing-Zi1, ZHU An-Ning1,ZHANG Li-Zhou4,SONG Li-Na2(1.State Experimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;2.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;3.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;4.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071000,China)
关键词：
Wheat-maize rotation system,Water and fertilizer coupling,Soil,Nitrate nitrogen,Leaching risk,Accumulation peak,Root zone
摘  要：
Field experiment with several coupled fertilization and irrigation treatments was conducted in State Experimental Station of Agro-Ecosystem in Fengqiu.Effect of fertilization and irrigation on wheat-maize yield,distribution of nitrate nitrogen in soil profile and the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching under wheat-maize rotation system was studied.The results indicated that reasonable combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers was the key to improve crop yield under appropriate irrigation rate.The effect of combined nitrogen with potassium or combined phosphorus with potassium on increasing crop yield was not significant.The statistic results showed that the effect order of different factors on wheat yield was nitrogen ≥ phosphorus>irrigation>potassium,meanwhile the order on maize was nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium>irrigation.Only the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on crop yield was statistically significant.Effect of fertilization and irrigation on the distribution of nitrate nitrogen in soil profile was great.With increased nitrogen rate and irrigation rate,the nitrate nitrogen content of accumulation peak in soil profile increased,the thickness of the peak widened and the peak occurred in deeper soil.The nitrate nitrogen content in deep soil increased due to high nitrogen rate input.Therefore the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching increased.An appropriate rate of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation,and combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus played important roles on decreasing nitrate nitrogen accumulation in deep soil profile and therefore mitigating nitrate nitrogen leaching risk.The result of this research indicated that the appropriate rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were 400 kg(N)·hm?2·a?1 and 225 kg(P2O5)·hm?2·a?1 respectively.The appropriate irrigation rate was less than 280 mm in one year in this research region under wheat-maize rotation system.

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