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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 中国撤点并校政策的长期效应——基于对农村学生成年后收入影响的分析 农业技术经济 2023 (5) 113-128
Position: Home > Articles > The Long-term Effects of Primary School Mergers in China: Based on the Analysis of the Impact on the Income of Rural Students as Adults Journal of Agrotechnical Economics 2023 (5) 113-128

中国撤点并校政策的长期效应——基于对农村学生成年后收入影响的分析

作  者：
郭炳序;叶春辉;陈伟玮;朱浩天
单  位：
浙江大学中国农村发展研究院
关键词：
撤点并校;收入水平;倾向得分匹配;双重差分方法
摘  要：
撤点并校的初衷是通过整合学校布局实现教育资源的优化配置，但在实施过程中出现了学生入学难度增大等一系列问题。少有文献关注撤点并校的长期效应，本文使用包含2000户农户的2005—2019年五期面板数据研究撤点并校对农村学生成年后收入的影响。本文通过倾向得分匹配和多期双重差分方法估计政策净效应并解决不同样本村撤点并校发生时间不同的问题。结果表明，控制了个人特征变量、父代特征变量和地区特征后，撤点并校会对受影响学生成年后的收入水平产生显著的负向影响，说明撤点并校阻碍了农村学生的长期发展。影响机制分析显示，撤点并校对学生长期发展的影响来自于通勤距离增加对学生人力资本积累的阻碍；对结果的异质性分析则表明，女性、来自欠发达乡镇和低收入家庭的个体受到的消极影响更大。
译  名：
The Long-term Effects of Primary School Mergers in China: Based on the Analysis of the Impact on the Income of Rural Students as Adults
作  者：
GUO Bingxu ;YE Chunhui ;CHEN Weiwei ;ZHU Haotian;
关键词：
Primary school mergers;;Income;;Propensity score matching;;Difference-in-differences
摘  要：
The original intention of primary school mergers was to achieve the optimal allocation of educational resources through the integration of the school layout, but a series of problems such as increased difficulty in enrolling students appeared during the implementation process. Few literatures focus on the long-term effect of primary school mergers. This paper uses five-period panel data from 2005 to 2019 that includes 2000 households to study the impact of primary school mergers on rural students' income as adults. The paper uses a multi-period difference-in-differences method and propensity score matching to estimate the net effect of the policy and solves the problem of different sample villages withdrawing schools at different times. The results show that after controlling for individual and parental characteristics variables and regional characteristics, primary school mergers will have a significant negative impact on the income levels of affected students in adulthood, indicating that primary school mergers hinders the long-term development of rural students. The analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the negative impact of increased commuting distance on the accumulation of human capital is an important cause of the income gap among students. The heterogeneity analysis of the results shows that women, individuals from underdeveloped townships and low-income families are more negatively affected.

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