作 者：
魏猛;张爱君;诸葛玉平;李洪民;唐忠厚;陈晓光
单 位：
山东农业大学资源与环境学院;江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所
关键词：
长期施肥;黄潮土;冬小麦;产量;土壤养分
摘 要：
【目的】分析长期施肥方式下小麦产量的变化规律,以探明黄潮土区小麦产量稳定性对不同施肥方式的响应机制,为黄潮土区合理施肥的管理及其土壤生态系统的改善提供依据。【方法】以35年长期定位试验为研究平台,设5种施肥方式:不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、有机无机配施(MNPK),测定小麦的平均产量及土壤养分状况。【结果】小麦产量和肥料贡献率以有机无机配施(MNPK)最高,平均产量为6393 kg/hm2;其次为NPK处理,与当年不施肥处理相比,产量提高了374.2%;单施有机肥增产幅度位居第三;单施氮肥处理增产效果最低。单施氮肥处理小麦产量变异系数(CV)偏高(26.72%~38.72%)、可持续性产量指数(SYI)偏低(0.32~0.51),产量稳定性最低,MNPK处理的CV最低(4.86%~7.76%)、SYI最高(0.79~0.89),产量稳定性最高,而单施有机肥处理(CV=5.44%~15.87%,SYI=0.60~0.87)的产量稳定性和生产可持续性不及NPK处理(CV=5.72%~9.67%,SYI=0.75~0.83)。施用有机肥显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,其中MNPK处理35年土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量分别较CK处理提高1.20、1.18、16.13、0.95倍,增加幅度最为显著。通过相关分析可得,小麦产量与土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】施肥处理均可有效提高黄潮土区小麦产量,以有机无机配施增产效果最佳,最有利于促进小麦产量稳定性、提高产量可持续性指数,提升土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量。因此,有机无机配施的施肥方式最为合理,有利于保持黄潮土养分均衡,促进农田生产力稳定。
译 名：
Effect of different long-term fertilization on winter wheat yield and soil nutrient contents in yellow fluvo-aquic soil area
作 者：
WEI Meng;ZHANG Ai-jun;ZHUGE Yu-ping;LI Hong-min;TANG Zhong-hou;CHEN Xiao-guang;College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University;Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province;
关键词：
long-term fertilization;;yellow fluvo-aquic soil;;winter wheat;;yield;;soil nutrient
摘 要：
【Objectives】This research was conducted to reveal the stability and dynamic of wheat yields to long-term fertilization in yellow fluvo-aquic soils, and to provide scientific references for establishing the optimal fertilization pattern and promoting sustainable production of wheat.【Methods】Based on a long-term fertilization experiment in Xuzhou of Jiangsu province, the trends of changes in wheat average yield, annual fluctuation of wheat yields and soil nutrients contents were investigated in 5 fertilization patterns including no fertilizer application(CK), application of single N fertilizer(N), combined N, P and K fertilizers(NPK), organic fertilizer(M), combination of N, P, K and organic fertilizers(MNPK). 【Results】The results showed that wheat yield and fertilizer contribution ratio of MNPK were higher than other fertilization treatments, and wheat yield of NPK was higher than that of M in the experiment. Compared with CK, the average increased yield of MNPK was higher than those of the other fertilization treatments, NPK took the second place, by increasing 374.2% of that in the non-fertilization treatment, wheat yield increasing of M was the third place, and the increased yield of N was the lowest. The N fertilization enhanced the coefficient of variation(CV = 26.72%–38.72%) of wheat yields and reduced sustainable yield index(SYI = 0.32–0.51), which made yield stability the lowest, and the wheat yield stability of MNPK(CV = 4.86%–7.76%, SYI = 0.79–0.89) was better than NPK(CV = 5.72%–9.67%, SYI =0.75–0.83) which was better than M(CV = 5.44%–15.87%, SYI = 0.60–0.87). The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased significantly by the organic fertilizer application, and increased with 1.20, 1.18, 16.13, 0.95 times in the MNPK treatment during the last 35 years, respectively. Meanwhile, significantly positive correlations were observed between the wheat yield and the total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium(P < 0.01).【Conclusions】The wheat yield in yellow fluvo-aquic soils was increased significantly by the fertilizer application, and the enhancements for the wheat yield stability and sustainability and the contents of total nitrogen, organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium were notably under the MNPK treatment. Therefore, the combination of N, P, K and organic fertilizer is a favorable fertilization method for the improvement of soil nutrient balance and sustainability in yellow fluvo-aquic soils.
