作 者：
经晨晨;张伟杰;宋坚;亓守冰;周秘;赵帅;王海峰;马里;常亚青
单 位：
大连海洋大学农业部北方海水增养殖学重点实验室
摘 要：
为探明中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius(Si)与紫海胆Anthocidaris crassispina(Ac)种间杂交的受精、孵化和幼体发育规律,对中间球海胆和紫海胆进行种间杂交,检测了不同水温和精子种类对海胆受精卵卵径、受精率和孵化率的影响,并对自繁和杂交海胆幼体发育时间和体长进行了测定和比较。结果表明:受精前中间球海胆卵径(86.64μm±4.21μm)极显著小于紫海胆(95.62μm±3.80μm)(P<0.01);在21℃和24℃下,自交组Si♀×Si♂受精卵卵径显著或极显著大于杂交组Si♀×Ac♂(P<0.05或P<0.01),而杂交组Ac♀×Si♂和自交组Ac♀×Ac♂受精卵卵径则不受水温(24℃和26℃)的影响;相同温度下,种间杂交受精率均极显著低于自繁受精率(P<0.01),Si♀×Si♂组(或Si♀×Ac♂组)受精率在21℃和24℃下无显著性差异(P>0.05),而杂交组Ac♀×Si♂在26℃下的受精率极显著高于24℃下(分别为38.91%±8.25%和0.79%±1.11%)(P<0.01);杂交组Si♀×Ac♂在21℃下的孵化率(87.96%±4.18%)极显著低于自交组Si♀×Si♂(99.64%±0.81%)(P<0.01),而在24℃下,这两组海胆均不能孵化,杂交组Ac♀×Si♂在24℃下的孵化率(9.32%±4.33%)极显著低于自交组Ac♀×Ac♂(100%)(P<0.01),而在26℃下则不能孵化;Ac♀×Ac♂组和Ac♀×Si♂组在24℃下经5 d即可发育至八腕幼体,Si♀×Ac♂组在21℃下经9 d发育至八腕幼体,Si♀×Si♂在21℃下经12 d发育至八腕幼体。研究表明,杂交组Si♀×Ac♂适宜在24℃下受精,21℃下孵化,而杂交组Ac♀×Si♂则适宜在26℃下受精,24℃下孵化,杂交组Ac♀×Si♂可能更具备高温耐受能力,可作为耐高温品种培育的重点材料进行进一步研究。
译 名：
Fertilization,hatching and larval development of sea urchin hybrid between Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Anthocidaris crassispina
作 者：
JING Chen-chen;ZHAGN Wei-jie;SONG Jian;QI Shou-bing;ZHOU Mi;ZHAO Shuai;WANG Hai-feng;MA Li;CHANG Ya-qing;Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea,Ministry of Agriculture,Dalian Ocean University;
关键词：
Strongylocentrotus intermedius;;Anthocidaris crassispina;;hybridization;;fertilization;;hatching
摘 要：
Effects of water temperature and sperm species on fertilized egg diameter,fertilization rate and hatching rate were studied in sea urchin hybrids between Strongylocentrotus intermedius(Si) and Anthocidaris crassispina(Ac),and developing time and length of self propagated and hybridized larvae were compared in the hybrids in order to investigate the pattern of fertilization,hatching and larval development of the hybrids.The results showed that Si had egg diameter of(86.64 μm ± 4.21 μm),significantly smaller than Ac(95.62 μm ± 3.80 μm)(P <0.01).There was significantly larger fertilizated egg diameter in self propagated hybrid(Si♀ × Si♂) than that in hybrid(Si♀ × Ac♂) at 21 ℃ and 24 ℃(P < 0.01).However,fertilizated egg diameter of Ac was not affected by temperature or sperm species(P < 0.01).Fertilization rates of self propagated sea urchins were significantly lower than those of cross groups in all the experimental temperatures.Fertilization rate of Si♀ × Ac♂ at 21 ℃ was not significantly different from that at 24 ℃(P > 0.05).For hybrid(Ac♀ × Si♂)(38.91% ± 8.25%),however,fertilization rate at 26 ℃ was significantly higher than that at 24 ℃(0.79% ± 1.11%)(P < 0.01).Hatching rate was significantly lower in hybrid(Si♀ × Ac♂) at 21 ℃(87.96% ± 4.18%) than that in hybrid(Si♀ × Si♂)(99.64% ± 0.81%)(P < 0.01),both fertilized eggs being not hatched successfully at 24 ℃.There was significantly lower hatching rate in hybrid(Ac ♀ × Si ♂)(9.32% ± 4.33%) than that in hybrid(Ac ♀ × Ac ♂)(100%) at 24 ℃(P < 0.01).At 26 ℃,however,fertilized eggs of both hybrids was not hatched successfully.The fertilized eggs of both hybrids(Ac♀ × Ac♂ and Ac♀ × Si♂) developed into eight-armed pluteus larvae 5days post-fertilization at 24 ℃,and 9 days and 12 days at 21 ℃,respectively.The findings suggested that 24 ℃be the suitable temperature for fertilization,and 21 ℃ be the suitable temperature for hatching in hybrid(Si♀ × Si♂).In the hybrid(Ac♀ × Si♂),the suitable temperature for fertilization is 26 ℃ and for hatching 24 ℃.The hybrid(Ac♀ × Si♂) has high tolerance of high temperature,and can be a candidate for thermal tolerance strains of sea urchin.
