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Position: Home > Articles > 晚清财政困境下的南漕改折 Agricultural History of China 2019 (5) 60-69,109

晚清财政困境下的南漕改折

作  者：
周慧清
单  位：
南京大学历史学院
关键词：
晚清;财政困境;南漕改折;制衡督抚
摘  要：
咸丰以后,太平天国战争的破坏及黄河北徙,导致运道梗滞,严重劳民縻帑的河运制度为千夫所指.近代轮船业的发展,使海运漕粮快捷而费省.至光绪时期,国内战事不断,新式产业的创办在在需要经费,原本捉襟见肘的中央财政陷入严重困境.张之洞等务实派官员认为江浙漕粮改折可缓解财政危机,通过市场途径完全可以解决京师粮需.朝廷却从对江南官员控制的政治考量,无视起码的经济规律,迟迟不愿改折.并且以南漕改折于国家、百姓有害无益为借口,顽固地拒绝改革.南漕改折的争议,本质是地方官员的经济理性与朝廷一以贯之的政治思维的冲突.地方官员试图用合理的市场手段来解决财政危机,朝廷则力图保留漕运制度来制衡东南督抚的权势,强化集权控制.
作  者：
ZHOU Hui-qing;College of History,Nanjing University;
关键词：
the Late Qing Dynasty;;Financial dilemma;;the tribute grains in Jiangnan;;balance the power of local governor
摘  要：
From the reign of Xianfeng emperor, the Taiping Rebellion and the migration of the Yellow River obstructed the Grand Canal. The system of tribute grain via Canal was criticized by many offcials. The modern ship industry led maritime shipment of tribute grain fast, safe and economical. In the reign of Guangxu emperor, the constantly domestic wars and the establishment of new industries all required to invest more fund.The central government which was originally in budgetary deficit had great financial difficulty to implement new industrial plan. Practical officials like Zhang Zhidong suggested that if the tribute grain in Jiangnan changed to levy currency could relieve the financial crisis, and the problem of food demand in Beijing could be completely solved through the market. In order to control the officials of Jiangnan, the Qing government ignored the basic laws of the economy, which caused them unwilling to levy currency.Moreover, they refused to reform stubbornly, on the excuse of currency levy might damage the interests of the country and the people. The essence of dispute about the reformation of tribute grains in Jiangnan was the conflict between economic rationality of local officials and the consistent monarchial political thinking.Local officials tried to solve the financial crisis with reasonable market methods. But the Qing court tried to preserve the system of the Canal transportation for tribute grain to balance the power of the southeast governors and strengthen monarchial control.

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