关键词：
温室;光合作用;CO_2施肥;模型;负荷
摘 要：
针对温室CO_2供给设备容量设计缺乏相关理论和设备配置的相关规范,在分析CO_2恒定浓度控制模型、低浓度控制模型、恒定供气流量控制模型的基础上,探索建立了温室内CO_2平衡模型,结合作物对CO_2的需求和大型连栋温室蔬菜高架栽培的土壤CO_2释放量低等特点,提出了温室CO_2施肥供气负荷计算方法;以天然气锅炉的回收烟气和液态CO_2为气源,提出了以CO_2供应为目标的天然气锅炉功率和液态CO_2储液罐容积计算方法,为相应设备的设计选型提供了理论依据。以栽培面积49 200 m~2,容积329 640 m~3的文洛型温室为案例,采用该文建立模型进行计算表明,在CO_2施肥恒定流量控制模式下,设定最低控制CO_2体积分数为600×10~(-6) m~3/m~3条件下,白天仅需运行1台额定蒸发量为10 t/h的天然气锅炉就可满足CO_2施肥需求;用液化CO_2施肥,在CO_2低浓度控制模式下,设定最低控制CO_2体积分数为500×10~(-6) m~3/m~3条件下,则需要配备容积为20m~3的储液罐。实际运行情况表明,该文建立的CO_2施肥供气负荷计算与设备选型方法切实可行,满足实际生产的要求。
译 名：
Calculation method for CO_2 supply load of vegetable spatial soilless culture greenhouse and equipment matching
作 者：
Zhou Changji;Wang Liu;Tian Jing;Fu Jianlu;Zhang Yuehong;Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires;
关键词：
greenhouse;;photosynthesis;;CO_2 enrichment;;model;;load
摘 要：
In order to solve the problem that the lack of relevant theories and specifications of capacity selection of greenhouse CO_2 supply equipment, based on the model analysis of the constant concentration control of CO_2, the low range concentration control of CO_2, and the constant gas flow control of CO_2, a CO_2 balance model in greenhouse is established. There are very complex relationships between temperature, light intensity and CO_2 concentration and photosynthesis intensity. To maintain a constant CO_2 concentration in greenhouse, it is necessary to accurately regulate the supply of CO_2 according to the changes in light and temperature. In addition, to maintain CO_2 concentration above the saturation point, the constant concentration control of CO_2 is also an uneconomical way. So this mode of regulation is difficult to implement in large-scale greenhouse production. The constant concentration control of CO_2 is possible to be used only in experimental greenhouse which the light and temperature are accurately controlled. The low range concentration control of CO_2 also needs to adjust the supply of CO_2 frequently, therefore, the timeliness and accuracy requirements of CO_2 supply source are high. It is generally applicable to liquefied CO_2 supply system. The constant gas flow control of CO_2 is the easiest to implement in engineering, as long as the gas supply valve is opened or closed according to the set time, and other control equipment can be omitted. Therefore, this control model is very suitable for the CO_2 supply system which uses the recovered flue gas of the boiler as CO_2 source, and also suitable for liquid CO_2 supply system without considering economic factors..Combined with crop demand for CO_2 and the characteristics of low CO_2 emission of soil in the large-scale gutter-connected greenhouse for vegetable spatial soilless culture, a calculation method for the CO_2 supply load of equipment used for CO_2 enrichment in greenhouse is proposed. Taking the recovered flue gas of a boiler and liquid CO_2 as the CO_2 sources, two CO_2 supply methods are proposed. The calculation method of the capacity of gas boiler and the volume of liquid CO_2 storage tank provide a theoretical basis for the design and selection of corresponding equipment. Taking a Venlo type greenhouse with the cultivation area of 49 200 m~2 and the volume of 329 640 m~3 as an example, the calculation method was checked. The calculation results showed that by using constant gas flow control of CO_2, and under the condition that the concentration of CO_2 was 600×10~(-6) m~3/m~3 in greenhouse, only one gas boiler with a rated evaporation capacity of 10 t/h needed to be operated at the daytime to meet the demand of CO_2 enrichment, when the recovered flue gas of the boiler was used as CO_2 source. By using the low range concentration control of CO_2, and under the condition that the concentration of CO_2 was 500×10~(-6) m~3/m~3 in greenhouse, a storage tank with a volume of 20 m~3 was needed for contain liquefied CO_2 when using liquefied CO_2 as the CO_2 source. The measured CO_2 concentration in greenhouse showed that the calculation method of CO_2 supply load for equipment capacity selection established in this paper was feasible. The method proposed in this paper can be used for similar engineering design reference.
