关键词：
葡萄;抗病;葡萄白腐病;转录因子;抗病基因
摘 要：
【目的】葡萄白腐病是葡萄生产中导致重大损失的主要原因之一,挖掘抗病种质,阐明抗病机制,以期为抗病育种提供种质资源储备。【方法】利用离体接种的方法系统评价了中国野生葡萄种质、欧亚种及部分杂交种对葡萄白腐病的抗性,并以葡萄抗病中的关键基因为指示基因,探讨抗病种质和感病种质的不同抗病模式。【结果】对78株葡萄属17个种进行离体接菌评价后,对不同来源的种质进行了抗性分类,其中刺葡萄♂(Vitis davidii)是最抗白腐病种质,欧亚种‘美人指’(Vitis vinifera‘Manicure Finger’)最为感病。5个WRKY基因已经验证在葡萄抗病中起作用,笔者以最抗病的刺葡萄和最感病的‘美人指’进行基因型表达分析。以WRKY基因为指示性基因,检测了其介导的抗性途径中的关键基因PR、NPR1等在抗性葡萄刺葡萄和感病葡萄‘美人指’中的表达,并探讨WRKY基因及关键基因对病原菌的响应机制。WRKY基因及病程相关基因在刺葡萄和‘美人指’分别受到葡萄白腐病病原菌侵染诱导后,具有不同的时空表达差异和量化差异,WRKY基因和相关基因在刺葡萄中表达迅速且上调倍数高,但在‘美人指’中表达迟缓,且上调程度低。【结论】经过系统的鉴定评价筛选到一批抗性种质,可作为潜在育种材料。通过抗病基因表达分析检测,发现抗病基因在刺葡萄中反应迅速,从而使刺葡萄具备高抗病性。
译 名：
Identification and evaluation of resistance to white rot in grape resources
作 者：
ZHANG Ying;FAN Xiucai;SUN Haisheng;JIANG Jianfu;LIU Chonghuai;Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS;
单 位：
Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS
关键词：
Grape;;Resistance;;Grape white-rot;;Transcription factor;;Resistant gene
摘 要：
【Objective】Grape is one of the most important fruit crops. Vitis vinifera is widely grown because of its high fruit quality and its capacity to grow in a wide range of climatic conditions. However, V.vinifera is susceptible to many pathogens such as phytoplasmas, viruses, bacteria, and fungi. White-rot(Coniothyrium diplodiella) is a severe disease to V. vinifera cultivars in warm and humid climates in China, causing great loss of fruit production. It is extremely important to select new varieties of grape resistant to white rot. Digging germplasm with resistance is prerequisite for breeding new cultivar. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the resistance of grape germplasms and reveal the mechanism of resistance of grape plants.【Methods】The identification and evaluation of the resistance of Vitis species and hybrids were made using inoculation of pathogen in vitro. The transcription factor WRKY was used as indicating gene to detect the different resistance models of the resistant and susceptible resources.【Results】78 strains of 20 Vitis species were evaluated in vitro. V. davidii Ciputao was the most resistant resources to white rot. Resistance of different permplasms to C. diplodiella varied widely. Among the Chinese grapevines tested, no species was immune to the disease. Ciputao and Ciputao♀ exhibited strong resistance to the disease, while Guangximao, Jiuligousangye, Sangye 943, Sangye 946, Sangye 1099, Shuangxixianzhi 01, Shuangxixianzhi 03, Duolieyeyingyu, Qingyaoshanyingyu, Huadong 1058, Huajia 8, and Lingbaoq-♂♂iu were highly susceptible. European grapes were less resistant than the Chinese wildgrapes. There wereno highly resistant species(resistance rating II) in European grapes.‘Red Globe'‘Manicure Finger'‘Olympia'‘Fenghuang 51'‘Khoussaine Blanc'‘Munage'‘Amilia'‘Pinot Noir'and‘Ribier'were verysusceptible to the disease. American and Seibel grapevines varied in resistance from Ⅲ to IV, belonging tomoderately resistant to moderately susceptible species, Ciputao was the most resistant species and thuswas singled out for further investigation. After inoculation with C. diplodiella, the expressions of WRKY,PR, NPR1 were significantly different between the susceptible and the resistant grapevines. WRKY1, 2, 3,11, and 70 were up-regulated and WRKY32 were down-regulated in‘Manicure Finger'. In Ciputao,WRKY1 and WRKY32 was down-regulated, WRKY2, 3, 11, and 70 were up-regulated, and the expressionof WRKY1 was unchanged. WRKY1 and WRKY32 were differentially expressed in Ciputao and‘Mani-cure Finger'. The expressions of PR1, PR2, NPR1 were scaled 9, 12, 24, 30 and 48 h following inocula-tion. PR1 and NPR1 were up-regulated and PR2 were down-regulated in‘Manicure Finger'. PR1, PR2,NPR1 were up-regulated in Ciputao.【Conclusion】Disease resistance in Chinese wild Vitis variedamong species and genotypes. Variation in resistance, even within the same species, was not related to geo-graphic distribution. Therefore, Chinese wild Vitis present an essential germplasm resource for breedingnew varieties resistant to white rot. Disease resistance mechanisms were very different in Chinese wildgrapes. Further investigation is needed for clarifying the mechanism of resistance to white rot in grapes.
