作 者：
施永海;施永海;蒋飞;蒋飞;徐嘉波;徐嘉波;刘永士;刘永士;邓平平;邓平平;谢永德;谢永德;张海明;张海明;于爱清;于爱清
摘 要：
为了调查池养美洲鲥Alosa sapidissima当年鱼种(0~+龄幼鱼)的脂类营养状况及脂肪酸组成的变化规律,采用生化分析手段,分析了遮荫池塘(面积为0.17 hm~2,水深1.5 m)养殖的美洲鲥0~+龄幼鱼不同生长阶段(7—11月)的鱼体脂肪酸组成及含量变化。结果表明:美洲鲥当年鱼种鱼体的水分含量随着生长而显著降低(P<0.05),鱼体干质量的总脂肪含量随生长而显著升高(P<0.05),总脂肪含量从7月的12.93%显著增加到11月的35.05%;美洲鲥当年鱼种不同生长阶段(7—11月)的鱼体干样中检出8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、7种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和11种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);从数值上看,各月份美洲鲥当年鱼种的C_(18:1n9c)含量均为最高(27.11%～36.87%),C_(16:0)和C_(18:0)含量(分别为19.63%～25.33%和6.42%～7.46%)随生长而显著下降(P<0.05),而C_(18:2n6c)含量(16.87%～22.95%)随着生长呈现先上升后下降趋势,最高点出现在9月(22.95%);美洲鲥当年鱼种体内脂肪酸组成与其摄食的饲料成分密切相关,但也不是绝对的;较低C_(16:0)和C_(18:0)含量的饲料导致了鱼体内的C_(16:0)和C_(18:0)含量持续下降,呈现正相关;而较低C_(18:1n9c)含量(23.93%～24.04%)的饲料未造成鱼体内C_(18:1n9c)含量下降,相反地,鱼体内的C_(18:1n9c)含量从8月的27.11%显著上升到11月的36.87%(P<0.05),呈现负相关;较高C_(18:2n6c)含量(45.52%～46.88%)的饲料未造成鱼体内富集C_(18:2n6c)(16.87%～22.95%),呈现无显著相关;较低DHA含量(1.57%～1.79%)的饲料造成鱼体内DHA比例下降,含量从8月的4.00%显著下降到11月的1.62%(P<0.05);较低∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值(0.13～0.14)的饲料也严重影响了鱼体内∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值的变化趋势,比值从7月的0.29显著下降到11月的0.15(P<0.05)。研究表明,美洲鲥当年鱼种配合饲料中可适当增加C_(18:1n9c)和n-3PUFA(特别是DHA)的比例,大幅减少C_(18:2n6c)的比例,调整提高∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值。
译 名：
Changes in fatty acid composition of juvenile (0~+ age) American shad Alosa sapidissima cultured in a pond
作 者：
SHI Yong-hai;JIANG Fei;XU Jia-bo;LIU Yong-shi;DENG Ping-ping;XIE Yong-de;ZHANG Hai-ming;YU Ai-qing;Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station;
关键词：
Alosa sapidissima;;0~+ age juvenle fish;;pond culture;;fatty acid
摘 要：
Fatty acid composition and content were analyzed in juvenile(0~+ age) American shad Alosa sapidissima cultured in a 0.17 hm~2 and 1.5 m depth shaded pond during different growth stages(July-November) by biochemical analysis methods to understand the lipid nutrition status and the changes in fatty acid composition. The moisture of American shad was shown to be significantly decreased with the growth(P<0.05), the total lipid contents being increased significantly from 12.93% in July to 35.05% in November with the growth(P<0.05). There were 8 saturated fatty acids(SFA), 7 mono-unsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), and 11 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) in the dry samples of American shad in different growth stages(July-November). The maximal C_(18:1 n9 c)(27.11%-36.87%) was observed in 0~+ age American shad juvenile(July-November), and the percent content of C_(16:0)(19.63%-25.33%) and C_(18:0)(6.42%-7.46%) was decreased significantly with the growth of the fish. The C_(18:2 n6 c) content(16.87%-22.95%) was increased first and then decreased with the growth, with the maximum(22.95%) in September, indicating that fatty acid composition of 0~+ age juvenile is closely related to the composition of the diet. However, low levels of C_(16:0) and C_(18:0) in the diet led to a sustained decline in the levels of C_(16:0) and C_(18:0) in the 0~+ age juveniles. The diet containing low C_(18:1 n9 c)(23.93%-24.04%) did not cause the decrease in C_(18:1 n9 c) content in the juvenile. On the contrary, the C_(18:1 n9 c) content in the juveniles was increased significantly from 27.11% in August to 36.87% in November, showing a negative correlation; high C_(18:2 n6 c) content(45.52%-46.88%) in the diet did not result in enrichment of C_(18:2 n6 c )(16.87%-22.95%). Lower levels of DHA(1.57%-1.79%) in diet resulted in a significant decline in the DHA in the juveniles, from 4.00% in August to 1.62% in November. The diet containing low ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA ratio(0.13-0.14) also significantly affected the variation in ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA ratio in fish, with the ratio from 0.29 in July to 0.15 in November. It is suggested that diet of American shad juveniles be appropriate increase in C_(18:1 n9 c) and n-3 PUFA(especially DHA), reduce in great proportion of C_(18:2 n6 c), and adjust and increase the ratio of ∑n-3 PUFA/∑n-6 PUFA.
