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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 嗜热厌氧细菌Caldicellulosiruptor bescii降解木质纤维素研究进展 生物技术通报 2017,33 (10) 33-39
Position: Home > Articles > Research Progresses on Lignocellulose Degradation by a Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii Biotechnology Bulletin 2017,33 (10) 33-39

嗜热厌氧细菌Caldicellulosiruptor bescii降解木质纤维素研究进展

作  者：
储引娣;苏小运
单  位：
中国农业科学院饲料研究所
关键词：
木质纤维素;嗜热厌氧菌;糖苷水解酶;生物燃料
摘  要：
嗜热厌氧菌Caldicellulosiruptor bescii具有强大的木质纤维素降解能力,能以多种模式植物细胞壁多糖如微晶纤维素Avicel和木聚糖,甚至未经预处理的木质纤维素如柳枝稷作为唯一碳源快速生长,该菌还具有少见的厌氧降解木质素的能力。对基因组注释发现,该菌所编码的蛋白大多为多结构域双功能酶,即在多肽链的N端和C端分别是不同家族的糖苷水解酶,间隔以2-3个碳水化合物结合结构域。该菌降解纤维素相关的酶基因多集中于一个植物细胞壁多糖降解利用的基因簇,例如纤维素酶/木聚糖酶、纤维素酶/甘露聚糖酶和纤维素酶/木葡聚糖酶等。C.bescii的木聚糖酶主要属于GH10家族,该家族的酶底物特异性较为宽泛,氨基酸序列的同源性在18.7%-59.5%间。Caldicellulosiruptor属细菌进化出了一系列的机制使得糖苷水解酶和底物、细菌和木质纤维素能更好的吸附在一起,从而有利于木质纤维素的酶解。C.bescii有12个含SLH结构域的蛋白,以及新发现的黏附蛋白Tāpirin,可能参与了木质纤维素的吸附与利用。综述了近年来对C.bescii降解植物细胞壁的糖苷水解酶的基因资源挖掘方面和降解分子机制方面的研究进展,对高效、多功能高效木质纤维素降解酶的设计和优化具有积极的意义。
译  名：
Research Progresses on Lignocellulose Degradation by a Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii
作  者：
CHU Yin-di;SU Xiao-yun;Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;
关键词：
lignocellulose;;Caldicellulosiruptor bescii;;glycoside hydrolase;;biofuels
摘  要：
As a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium isolated from hot spring,Caldicellulosiruptor bescii has strong ability in degradinglignocellulose. It can rapidly grow on a variety of model plant cell wall polysaccharide compounds such as the crystalline cellulose avicel,xylanor even on unpretreated lignocellulose such as switchgrass as sole carbon source. Moreover,this bacterium has an unusual ability of anaerobicdegradation of lignin. The genomic annotation showed that most of the proteins encoded by this bacterium were multivariate bi-functionalenzymes,i.e.,the N-terminal and C-terminus of the polypeptide chain were glycoside hydrolases of different families,with 2-3 carbohydratebinding domains. The genes encoding enzymes of degrading cellulose were concentrated in a plant cell wall polysaccharide degradation genecluster,such as cellulase/xylanase,cellulase/mannanase,cellulase/xyloglucanase,etc. The xylanase of C. bescii belonged to the GH10 family,whose specificity of the enzyme was broad,and the homology of the amino acid sequence was between 18.7% and 59.5%. The genusCaldicellulosiruptor evolved a series of mechanisms that allowed glycoside hydrolyses to absorb better to substrates,bacteria and lignocellulose,thereby facilitating the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. There were 12 proteins containing SLH domain,and the newly discoveredadhesion protein Tāpirin in C. bescii may be involved in the absorption and utilization of lignocellulose. In this paper we review the currentprogresses in exploring the genome of C. bescii for novel glycoside hydrolases targeting plant cell wall and the associated molecular mechanisms,which are of great significance for the design and optimization of efficient and multi-function lignocellulose degradation enzymes.

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