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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 长期连作对大豆根际土壤镰孢菌种群的影响 应用生态学报 2014,25 (2) 497-504
Position: Home > Articles > Impact of long-term continuous cropping on the Fusarium population in soybean rhizosphere Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 2014,25 (2) 497-504

长期连作对大豆根际土壤镰孢菌种群的影响

作  者：
魏巍;许艳丽;朱琳;张思佳;李淑娴
单  位：
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态院重点实验室;United;东京大学应用生命工学专攻
关键词：
长期连作;大豆根腐病;镰孢菌;致病力;遗传多样性
摘  要：
利用中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站大豆连作长期定位试验区,进行了大豆根际土壤镰孢菌分离鉴定及大豆根腐病致病力检测,结合核酸序列和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)的系统发育分析,研究了长期连作(20年)较短期连作(3年)对大豆根际土壤镰孢菌种群密度和结构、致病力及遗传多样性的影响.结果表明:3年连作大豆根际土壤镰孢菌种群密度为6.0×104CFU·g-1,且以强致病力的尖镰孢菌、禾谷镰孢菌、轮枝镰孢菌及中等致病力的腐皮镰孢菌为优势种;连作20年大豆根际土壤镰孢菌种群密度和优势菌的优势度均显著低于3年连作,其中尖镰孢菌、禾谷镰孢菌和腐皮镰孢菌的种群密度仅为3年连作的36%、32%和22%,没有分离到致病力最高的轮枝镰孢菌,而种群多样性和均匀度显著高于3年连作;仅分离自20年连作土壤的三线镰孢菌、砖红镰孢菌及燕麦镰孢菌均为非致病菌种,且与强致病力镰孢菌种在基于转录间隔区(ITS)和转录延长因子(EF-1α)序列的聚类分析中显示了系统进化亲缘关系的差异性.因此,大豆20年连作会导致根际土壤镰孢菌种群生长受抑制、使其种群结构和遗传多样性发生改变,同时降低大豆根腐病菌种群致病力.
译  名：
Impact of long-term continuous cropping on the Fusarium population in soybean rhizosphere
作  者：
WEI Wei;XU Yan-li;ZHU Lin;ZHANG Si-jia;LI S;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Department of Biotechnology,University of Tokyo;Crop Genetics Research Unit,United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service;
关键词：
long-term continuous cropping;;soybean root rot;;Fusarium;;pathogenicity;;genetic diversity.
摘  要：
The impact of long-term continuous cropping on the Fusarium population abundance and diversity,pathogenicity and phylogeny in soybean field were analyzed by using isolation,morphological identification,pathogenicity test,sequencing analysis and molecular marker with restricted fragment length polymorphisms( RFLP). The soybean field was located at the Hailun Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecology of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Northeast China and had been under a long-term rotation experiment designed to two treatments,i. e.,long-term continuous cropping( LCC) of soybean for 20 years and short-term continuous cropping( SCC) for 3 years. In SCC field,the population density of Fusarium spp. was 6. 0 ×104CFU·g-1,in which F. oxysporum, F. graminearum and F. verticillioides possessing high pathogenicity and F. solani possessing moderate pathogenicity were the dominant species. In LCC field,the population density of Fusarium population and the dominance index of dominant species were significantly lower than that in SCC. The population density of F. oxysporum,F. graminearum and F. solani were only 36%,32% and 22% of that in SCC,and F. verticillioide with highest pathogenicity was absent. The diversity and evenness index of Fusarium population were significantly higher than that in SCC. F. tricinctum, F. lateritium and F. avenaceum,just isolated from LCC,possessing a distant genetic relationship with Fusarium isolates possessing high pathogenicity based on internal transcribed spacer( ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha( EF-1α) gene,were non-pathogenicity for soybean. Thus,it seemed that LCC of soybean could cause the inhibition of soil Fusarium population size,alteration of Fusarium community composition and genetic diversity,and even the decline of pathogenicity for soybean root rot disease of Fusarium population.

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