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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 鸡粪中氨减释菌的筛选及应用效果 吉林农业大学学报 2017 (2) 169-175
Position: Home > Articles > Screening and Application Effect of Microorganisms Reducing Ammonia Release in Chicken Manure Journal of Jilin Agricultural University 2017 (2) 169-175

鸡粪中氨减释菌的筛选及应用效果

作  者：
陈华晶;秦玉莹;王金英;李明堂
单  位：
吉林农业大学资源与环境学院;吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室
关键词：
鸡粪;氨;异养氨氧化;同步氨化-氨氧化;鲍曼不动杆菌
摘  要：
鸡粪中有大量的含氮有机物,这些含氮有机物在微生物的分解代谢活动下会释放出氨气,氨气挥发不仅污染环境,同时也是一种氮素的浪费。以减少氨气释放量、保持粪便肥效为目的,从鸡粪中分离获得1株可快速转化氨氮的细菌,命名为YX3。VITEK系统鉴定表明,菌株YX3与鲍曼不动杆菌的相似度为99%,并结合菌株的形态特征、生理生化特性,初步鉴定菌株YX3属于鲍曼不动杆菌,该菌株不产硫化氢、不进行反硝化。扩散皿试验表明,与对照相比,菌株YX3对降低氨气释放具有明显且稳定的效果,其氨减释率为81.11%。在以(NH_4)_2SO_4为氮源时,菌株YX3在48 h内将培养基中84.65%的氨氮转化为硝酸盐氮。菌株YX3在以蛋白胨为氮源时,可将蛋白胨分解产生的氨氮迅速转化为硝酸盐氮,最终培养液中有133.72 mg/L硝酸盐氮的积累。与对照相比,菌株YX3在鸡粪模拟试验中氨气挥发下降84.46%,且氨减释效果保持时间较长。以上研究结果说明,菌株YX3在减少氨气挥发、为畜禽生长提供良好环境、降低畜禽废弃物中氮素损失及保持粪便肥效等方面有较好的应用潜力。
译  名：
Screening and Application Effect of Microorganisms Reducing Ammonia Release in Chicken Manure
作  者：
CHEN Huajing;QIN Yuying;WANG Jinying;LI Mingtang;College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases;
关键词：
chicken manure;;ammonia;;heterotrophic ammonia oxidation;;simultaneous ammonification-ammonia oxidation;;Acinetobacter baumannii
摘  要：
The decomposition of organic compounds containing nitrogen in chicken manure by metabolic activity of microorganisms will release ammonia,which not only pollutes environment but is also a waste of nitrogen. In order to reduce ammonia release amount and increase nitrogen content in compost,this study isolated a strain of bacterium named YX3 which can quickly transform ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. VITEK identification system showed that there is 99% probability for strain YX3 being Acinetobacter baumanii. Combining its morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics,strain YX3 is identified as Acinetobacter baumanii. Strain YX3 does not have theability to produce hydrogen sulfide and conduct denitrification. Compared with the control group,strain YX3 showed strong and stable ability to reduce ammonia release with an average ammonia release rate of 81. 11%. Strain YX3 transformed 84. 65% of ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen in media with( NH_4)_2SO_4as sole nitrogen source in 48 h. Strain YX3 quickly transformed ammonia nitrogen from the decomposition of peptone into nitrogen through simultaneous ammonification-ammonia oxidation when peptone was used as sole nitrogen source and the ultimate concentration of nitrate nitrogen was up to 133. 72 mg/L. The results from simulation experiment using chicken manure showed that strain YX3 reduced the amount of released ammonia nitrogen by 84. 46% and the effects kept stable,compared with the control group. The experiment results show that the strain YX3 has a good potential in reducing ammonia volatilization which provides a good environment for the growth of livestock and poultry and in reducing the loss of nitrogen in livestock and poultry waste which keeps the fertilizer of excrements of livestock.

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