作 者：
闫超;刘平;刘孟军;王玖瑞;孔得仓;李登科
单 位：
河北省沧县林业局;河北农业大学;山西省农科院果树研究所
关键词：
枣;自然授粉;自花授粉;结实特性;育性;影响因素
摘 要：
以河北沧县枣种质资源圃的124个枣品种和山西太谷国家枣种质资源圃的156个枣品种为试材,研究枣树的结实特性及其影响因素。结果表明:枣树种质可分为自花可育、自花可实不育、自花不实3类,其中自花可实不育是基本类型,它与自花不实和自花可育类之间可相互转化,而自花可育和自花不实之间相互转化极少;在自然(异花)授粉条件下供试品种均可结实,但育性有不育和可育2类,其中可育的占42.31%。枣树的结实性和育性因基因型(品种和品系)、年份、地区、树冠方位不同而有显著差异,其中影响最大的是基因型;供试品种间自花结实率(吊果率)和可育率的变幅分别为0～61.54%和0～100%,自然授粉结实率和可育率的变幅分别为4.17%～136.84%和0～100%;36个金丝小枣品系自花结实率和可育率的变幅分别为0.89%～163.64%和0～6.98%,自然授粉结实率和可育率的变幅分别为10.71%～138.89%和0～90.00%;5个无核小枣品系的分别为1.10%～81.72%,0～100%和8.06%～137.04%,0～2.70%;3个冬枣品系的分别为25.00%～62.93%,0～1.37%和11.32%～89.23%;不同年份和地区间结实性变化大而育性相对稳定,年份间自花和异花结实率均表现稳定的仅有4.17%、可育率稳定的则高达64.58%,地区间表现稳定的分别为15.38%和73.08%;西南-西北方向自花结实率高。初步筛选出一批自花不实或自花不育而异花高度可育、适宜作为杂交母本的优异种质。
译 名：
The Influencing Factors of the Fruiting Characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba
作 者：
Yan Chao1,3 Liu Ping1 Liu Mengjun1,2 Wang Jiurui1 Kong Decang4 Li Dengke5 (1. Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding 071001; 2. National Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in North Moutain Area Baoding 071001; 3. Jujube Research Institute of Xinzheng,Henan Province Xingzheng 451100; 4. Forestry Bereau of Cangxian County,Hebei Province Cangxian 061000; 5. Institute of Pomology,Agricultural Academy of Shanxi Taigu 030000)
关键词：
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba); natural-pollination; self-pollination; fruiting ability; fertility; influncing factors
摘 要：
The factors influencing fruiting ability and fertility of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) were analyzed based on an investigation of 124 cultivars in the Cangxian County Jujube Repository,Hebei and 156 cultivars in the National Jujube Repository,Pomology Institute of Shanxi. The results showed that Chinese jujube germplasm resources could be classified into 3 groups,i. e. self-fruitless,self-sterile (but self-fruitful) and self-fertile. Among them,self-sterile was the basic type,and it could convert with self-fruitless and self-fertile. However,the transform between self-fertile and self-fruitless was very scarce. Under natural pollination,all the cultivars and strains tested were able to bear fruits,but they were not all fertile,accounting for 42. 31% ,the rest sterile. The fruiting ability and fertility changed with genotypes (cultivars or strains),years,regional conditions and orientation of the canopy,of which genotype was the most dominant factor. The percentage of fruit to bearing shoot (PFTBS) and the percentage of fruit with seed (PFWS) were respectively in a range of 0 -61. 54% and 0 -100% under self-pollination,and 4. 17% -136. 84% and 0 -100% under natural pollination. PFTBS and PFWS in 36 strains of cultivar 'Jinsixiaozao'were respectively in a range of 0. 89% -163. 64% ,0 -6. 98% under self-pollination,and 10. 71% -138. 89% and 0 -90. 00% under natural pollination. For 5 strains of cultivar 'Wuhexiaozao ',the two parameters were 1. 10% -81. 72% ,0 -100% under self-pollination,and 8. 06% -137. 04% and 0 -2. 70% under natural pollination;For the 3 strains of cultivar 'Dongzao'the two parameters were 25. 00% -62. 93% ,0 -1. 37% under self-pollination,and 11. 32% -89. 23% and 0% under natural pollination,respectively. The variation of fruiting ability was much bigger than that of fertility. Only 4. 17% and 15. 38% of the cultivars had stable PFTBS respectively between years and between regional conditions,while the corresponding ratio of the cultivars with stable PFWS was respectively 64. 58% and 73. 08%. The PFTBS under self-pollination was much higher in the south-west and north-west aspects of the canopy than in other orientations. Some excellent germplasms ( with self-fruitless or self-sterile under self-pollination but fertile under cross-pollination),which were fit to be used as female parent in cross breeding,were preliminarily screened out.
