关键词：
全要素生产效率;技术进步偏向;SBM模型;土地覆盖类型转移矩阵;碳排放
摘 要：
为了研究三江源生态功能区生态约束下畜牧业技术进步偏向，本研究选取2010—2019年三江源生态功能区所辖4个州(海南、黄南、果洛、玉树4个藏族自治州)21个县为样本，采用非期望产出不可分的松弛值测算的模型(slacks based measure, SBM)、曼奎斯特指数(Malmquist index, MI)和ArcGIS 10.6软件测评环境规制下生态畜牧业生产效率，分析时空变化趋势及技术进步方向。结果表明：与2010年相比，2019年三江源生态功能区全部牲畜存栏量减少13.83%,但大型牲畜存栏量反而增长14.83%。研究区域生态畜牧业全要素生产效率处于波动状态，区域间差异较大，投入型技术进步对全要素生产效率起抑制作用。纯牧区畜牧业技术进步偏向于节约劳动使用、减少大型牲畜存栏量；半农半牧区技术进步偏向于节约草场投入，存栏结构总体更偏向减少小型牲畜存栏量，均与实际牲畜存栏结构变化相违背。在考虑非期望产出不可分的情况下，投入型技术进步偏向逐渐与各地区资源禀赋不相协调，难以适应快速变化的存栏结构，抑制了生态优先的发展战略。建议以草定畜、分区规划、增加生态补偿；季节调节、良种改良、促进畜草资源空间流动；明晰产权、集聚资源、加强畜牧联合体建设。
译 名：
Research on the tendency of technological progress in animal husbandry under ecological constraints——Taking Sanjiangyuan ecological functional area as an example
作 者：
WANG Senxiong;LI Haihong;SHANG Wenli;School of Finance and Economics, Qinghai University;
关键词：
total factor productivity;;technological progress bias;;SBM model;;land cover type transfer matrix;;carbon emission
摘 要：
In order to study the tendency of animal husbandry technology progress under ecological constraints in Sanjiangyuan ecological functional area, in this study, 21 counties in 4 states(Hainan, Huangnan, Guoluo and Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture) under the control of Sanjiangyuan ecological functional zone during 2010—2019 were selected as samples to evaluate the production efficiency of ecological animal husbandry under environmental regulations by using the super-efficiency SBM model with non-expected output indiseparable, Malmquist index and ArcGIS 10.6 saftware to analyze the trend of time and space change and the direction of technological progress. The results showed that compared with 2010, the total livestock stock in Sanjiangyuan ecological functional area decreased by 13.83% in 2019, while the large livestock stock increased by 14.83%. The total factor productvity of ecological animal husbandry in the study region fluctuated, and the efficiency difference between regions was significant. Input-type technology progress inhibited the total factor productvity. The technological progress of pure grazing area gradually tended to save labor and reduce the number of large livestock. The technological progress in semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas gradually favors saving pasture, and the stock structure generally favors reducing the stock size of small livestock, which was contrary to the actual stock structure changes. Under the circumstance that the non-desired output was not separable, the input-type technology progress tendency was gradually out of harmony with the resource endowment of each region, and it was difficult to adapt to the rapidly changing inventory structure, which inhibited the development strategy of ecological priority. It is suggested to use the countermeasures of using grass to determine livestock, zoning planning, increasing ecological compensation, seasonal regulation, improved varieties, the spatial flow of livestock and grass resources promotion, property rights clarity, resources gathering and strengthening the construction of animal husbandry consortium.
