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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 设施栽培条件下‘夏黑’葡萄花芽分化规律及环境影响因子研究 果树学报 2014 (5) 96-101+261
Position: Home > Articles > Flower bud differentiation of 'Summer Black' grape in greenhouse and related environmental influence factors Journal of Fruit Science 2014 (5) 96-101+261

设施栽培条件下‘夏黑’葡萄花芽分化规律及环境影响因子研究

作  者：
赵君全;王海波;王孝娣;王宝亮;郑晓翠;史祥宾;刘凤之
单  位：
中国农业科学院果树研究所·农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室
关键词：
‘夏黑’葡萄;花芽分化;促早栽培;气温;太阳辐射
摘  要：
【目的】研究非耐弱光葡萄品种设施栽培条件下的花芽分化规律,明确影响其成花的环境因子,为设施葡萄隔年结果问题的解决提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以4 a生设施促早栽培主栽品种‘夏黑’为试材,以露地栽培为参照,通过切片观察新梢基部2~3节的花芽分化规律,并结合花芽形成过程中的外界环境条件,分析影响设施促早葡萄成花的环境因子。【结果】设施‘夏黑’2~3节仅有不足30%的冬芽最终形成花芽,而且形成的花芽质量差,不能满足商品生产的要求。设施栽培夜间气温低且持续时间长,使设施栽培‘夏黑’的花芽分化进程慢于露地栽培;设施栽培中午时分有超过4 h的时间温度在30℃左右,完全满足诱导葡萄成花的温度需求。设施栽培的光照条件远差于露地栽培,其中旬太阳辐射量和紫外线辐射强度远低于露地栽培,日照时数仅为露地栽培的65.15%。【结论】花序主轴分化状态的出现是鉴定设施促早栽培条件下‘夏黑’葡萄的冬芽是否成花的标志。气温不是限制设施‘夏黑’葡萄成花的真正环境因子,光照条件恶化是设施栽培冬芽不能形成高比率良好花芽的根本原因。
译  名：
Flower bud differentiation of 'Summer Black' grape in greenhouse and related environmental influence factors
作  者：
ZHAO Jun-quan;WANG Hai-bo;WANG Xiao-di;WANG Bao-liang;ZHENG Xiao-cui;SHI Xiang-bin;LIU Feng-zhi;Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science·Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Fruit Germplasm Resources Utilization;
关键词：
‘Summer Black' grape;;Flower bud differentiation;;Protected cultivation to promote early maturing;;Air temperature;;Solar radiation
摘  要：
【Objective】The study was to observe the flower bud differentiation of non-low light tolerance grape cultivar under protected cultivation conditions,and to identify the critical environment factors which influence its flowering and provide theoretical foundation and technical support for solving the problem of the alternate bearing.【Method】Using 4-year-old main grape cultivar ‘Summer Black' grown under protected and early enhance cultivation conditions as material,the flower bud differentiation of thesecond and third nodes on the new shoot was observed with section method,and the main environment factors were analyzed during the process of flower bud development.【Result】No more than 30% latentbuds on the second and third nodes of ‘Summer Black' could become flower buds with poor quality eventually and could not meet the requirement of commercial production.The temperature at night in green-house was low and last for a long time,which made the process of flower bud differentiation slower thanthat in open field.There were more than 4 hours' time in which the temperature was about 30 ℃ around house was far worse than those in open field.The average solar radiation and UV radiation intensity of tendays in greenhouse were far lower than those in open field,and the hours of sunshine in greenhouse wereonly 65.15% of those in open field.【Conclusion】The emergence of inflorescence axis meant the flower formation of the latent bud of grape cultivar ‘Summer Black'.Air temperature was not the limiting factorfor flower differentiation of ‘Summer Black',whereas the deterioration of light condition was the main reason for the low ratio of good flower bud formation of non-low light tolerance grape cultivar ‘Summer Black' under protected cultivation.

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