关键词：
葛氏长臂虾;资源量;生物学表征;养殖潜力;东、黄海
摘 要：
概述了近30年有关葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)资源量、生物学特征等方面的研究进展和数据,剖析葛氏长臂虾资源演变趋势和生物学表征。葛氏长臂虾资源量的变化可分为3个阶段:20世纪80年代到90年代小幅上涨,20世纪90年代到21世纪初大幅下降,2009—2018年在波动中下降。葛氏长臂虾雌虾个体要明显大于雄虾,且繁殖高峰期雌多雄少;基本上全年抱卵,生长速度快,一年可长成为捕捞对象;磷脂含量较高(8.59‰～8.98‰)。基于东、黄海葛氏长臂虾的资源现状、生物学特性、营养价值及繁殖生长等养殖潜力分析,提出了葛氏长臂虾人工繁育的初步设想与建议,可从天然苗种采集和繁育入手,增殖自然资源并开展人工养殖以确保葛氏长臂虾资源的可持续利用并弥补市场供应趋紧的现状。
译 名：
Analysis on resource status and aquaculture potential of Palaemon gravieri in the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea
作 者：
TANG Xiao-jian;SONG Da-de;WU Lei;XIONG Ying;XU Jin-zhong;Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute;Shanghai Ocean University;
关键词：
Palaemon gravieri;;resource abundance;;biological characteristics;;aquaculture potential;;the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea
摘 要：
The evolution of biological characteristics and resource dynamic of Palaemon gravieri by surveys on the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea during recent 30 years was analyzed. The results showed that the resource dynamic of P. gravieri was divided into 3 stages: gradually ascending from the 1980 s to the 1990 s, then obviously falling from the 1990 s to early 21 st century, and finally declining with fluctuation during 2009—2018. The resource abundance was 6 872.2 t during 1986—1989, 9 458.2 t during 1998—1992 and 5 929.2 t during 2008—2009, assessed by using sweeping area method. And during 2009—2018, the catch per unit effort of P. gravieri was 3.11, 2.64, 1.61, 1.99, 0.79, 1.81, 2.51, 0.81, 0.40, and 0.67 kg·h~(-1), respectively. The resource abundance of P. gravieri decreased obviously from 1990 to 2018, which may be due to overexploitation with the rapid development of shrimp trawl net from the 1990 s. According to the biological characteristics of P. gravieri, the body size of the female was larger than that of the male and the quantity of the female was more than that of the male during the reproductive peak, which could improve the mating behavior and reproductive success in the shrimp ontogenetic stage. There was spawning stock of P. gravieri throughout the year in the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea. Therefore, the shrimp culture will not be restricted by the reproduction period of parent shrimp, which can avoid the appearence of a culture gap throughout the year and increase efficiently the shrimp culture production. And P. gravieri grew fast and could reach the commercially catchable size in just one year. P. gravieri contained more PUFA, especially DHA and EPA, compared with the composition of the phospholipid fatty acids of soybean and egg yolk. And the phosphatide content in P. gravieri was around 8.59‰～8.98‰, which contributed to the development and utilization of P. gravieri phosphatide in the future shrimp culture. On the basis of comprehensive analysis on the current resource of P. gravieri and the aquaculture potential, including the biological characteristics, nutritional value, growth and reproduction traits, we put forward some preliminary suggestions on the artificial culture of P. gravieri to ensure the sustainable utilization of P. gravieri resource and satisfy the current market demands. We may collect the natural parent shrimp in the high density water in the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea and carry on the pond domestication, following the scientific research and breakthrough in the culture technology of P. gravieri, then conduct stock enhancement and industrial culture of P. gravieri.
