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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 火烧和施肥对亚高山草甸植物多样性及生物量的影响 云南农业大学学报(自然科学) 2020 (1) 94-101
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of Fire and Fertilization on the Species Diversity and Biomass Accumulation of Subalpine Meadows Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science) 2020 (1) 94-101

火烧和施肥对亚高山草甸植物多样性及生物量的影响

作  者：
彭凯悦;马向丽;李永进;尹俊;任健;代微然
单  位：
关键词：
亚高山草甸;物种多样性;地上生物量;草地改良
摘  要：
【目的】以滇西北亚高山草甸为研究对象,研究火烧和施肥对草地植物群落特征的影响,为退化草地的恢复提供理论依据。【方法】设置火烧和施肥两因素,其中火烧因素设火烧和未火烧2个水平,施肥设0、30和60 g/m~2 3个水平,所用肥料为氮磷钾复合肥,采用裂区试验。【结果】火烧和施肥降低了大狼毒(Euphorbia jolkinii)的优势度和重要值,改变了亚高山草甸的植物种类及优势种,提高了植物地上生物量(P<0.05)。另外,观察到地上生物量的变化与试验因素及经济类群有关,其中,火烧+施肥处理显著提高了禾本科植物的地上生物量,降低了杂类草的生物量(P<0.05),而施肥则提高了豆科植物的地上生物量(P<0.05)。据Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数可知:火烧倾向于增加植物多样性,而施肥的作用则相反。上述变化导致群落的相似性发生改变,例如火烧、火烧+施肥30 g、火烧+施肥60 g与CK间的群落相似性系数均低于50%,改变了群落的演替方向。【结论】火烧和施肥改变了亚高山草甸的植物种类及优势种,降低了大狼毒的重要值,增加了草地地上生物量,对植物群落物种多样性指数、草地群落均匀度、物种丰富度和群落相似性系数均有一定的影响。
译  名：
Effects of Fire and Fertilization on the Species Diversity and Biomass Accumulation of Subalpine Meadows
作  者：
PENG Kaiyue;MA Xiangli;LI Yongjin;YIN Jun;REN Jian;DAI Weiran;Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University;Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Grassland Supervision and Management Station;
关键词：
subalpine meadows;;species diversity;;aboveground biomass;;grassland improvement
摘  要：
[Purpose]In this experiment, the plant community characteristics of the degraded subalpine meadows were studied in order to learn the effects of burning and fertilization on grassland rehabilitation.[Method]Factors like fire and fertilization were introduced in the experiment and split design was applied. Of this design, fire included burning treatment and no-burning treatment. For fertilization(NPK compound fertilizer), 0, 30 and 60 g/m~2 were set.[Result]Fire and fertilization reduced the dominance and important value of Euphorbia jolkinii of subalpine meadow, and changed the number of plant species and dominant species, furthermore, significantly increased the aboveground biomass(P<0.05), however, its changes were related to both experimental factors and economic component. The combination of fire and fertilization significantly increased the aboveground biomass of Gramineae plants(P<0.05) while decreased forbs. In contrast, fertilization significantly increased the aboveground biomass of leguminous plants(P<0.05). It was observed that burning and fertilization had opposite effects on Shannon-Wiener diversity index and richness index. Burning tended to increase plant species diversity. As a result, plant community structure was changed, which led to community dissimilarity. The similarity coefficient between burning and control reduced to less than 50%, which showed that grassland succession were changed.[Conclusion]Fire and fertilization changed the plant species and dominant species of subalpine meadows, reduced the important value of the E. jolkinii, and increased the aboveground biomass of the grassland. The plant community species diversity index, grassland community uniformity, species richness and community similarity coefficient were affected to a certain degree.

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