作 者：
潘子豪;张义智;刘朋飞;齐鹤;李辉玲;楼兵干
关键词：
林木腐烂病;梨树腐烂病菌;毒力测定与活性评价;增效剂
摘 要：
林木腐烂病是苹果树、梨树和杨树等林木枝干的重要真菌性病害.为了筛选出对苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali var.mali、梨树腐烂病菌V.mali var.pyri和杨树腐烂病菌V.sordida等3种不同寄主腐烂病菌都能有效防控的杀菌剂,本研究开展室内毒力试验比较了 7种杀菌剂对3种腐烂病病原菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制效果,并进一步通过田间活性测定试验比较7种杀菌剂对梨树腐烂病病斑扩展和分生孢子发生的防治效果,同时测定了增效剂8.6%聚乙二醇(PEG)对7种杀菌剂的增效作用.毒力测定结果表明,苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯和丙唑·多菌灵对3种腐烂病病原菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用较强,其中EC50平均值最低的是苯醚甲环唑,而戊唑醇的MIC平均值最低,在0.33 mg/L浓度下对3种腐烂病病原菌的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发抑制率均达到100%.田间试验结果表明,45%苯醚甲环唑SC、43%戊唑醇SC和35%丙唑·多菌灵SE对梨树腐烂病病斑扩展和分生孢子萌发的防治效果突出,其中45%苯醚甲环唑SC 30.00 mg/L对病斑扩展防治效果达到82.23%,孢子萌发抑制效果达到85.96%,田间防治效果最好.10%丙硫唑SC+8.6%PEG处理组对病斑扩展防治效果提高了 15.39百分点,达到73.46%,分生孢子萌发抑制率提高了 23.75百分点,达到83.06%,增效作用显著.本研究为苹果树、梨树和杨树等3种寄主腐烂病的化学防控提供了科学依据.
译 名：
Toxicity and field control efficacy of seven fungicides on three pathogens of Valsa canker disease
关键词：
Valsa canker disease%Valsa mali var.pyri%toxicity and activity evaluation%synergist
摘 要：
Valsa canker is an important fungal disease of tree branches such as apple,pear and poplar.In order to screen the fungicides which can effectively control the pathogens of three different hosts,Valsa mali var.mali,V.mali var.pyri and V.sordida,laboratory toxicity test was conducted to compare the inhibitory effects of seven fungicides on mycelium growth and conidial germination of the Valsa canker pathogens of three different hosts,and the field trial was conducted to compare the control effects of seven fungicides on lesion expansion and conidial germination of V.pyri.We also tested the synergistic effect of 8.6%PEG,a fungicidal synergist.Toxicity test indicated that difenoconazole,tebuconazole,pyraclostrobin and propiconazole·carbendazim showed higher inhibition effect on mycelium growth and conidial germination of three tested Valsa canker pathogens,difenoconazole showed the minimum average EC50 value among them,and the inhibition rates of tebuconazole against mycelial growth and conidial germination of three Valsa canker pathogens both reached 100%at the concentration of 0.33 mg/L,which showed the minimum average MIC value.Field trial demonstrated that difenoconazole 45%SC,tebuconazole 43%SC and propiconazole·carbendazim 35%SE showed better control effects on lesion expansion and conidial germination of pear Valsa canker.Among them,the control efficacy on lesion expansion of difenoconazole 45%SC(30.00 mg/L)reached 82.23%,and the inhibition rate of conidial germination in the field reached 85.96%,which showed the best control effect among the seven fungicides.Albendazole 10%SC combined with synergist 8.6%PEG had obvious synergistic effect,with the control efficacy of lesion expansion increased by 15.39 percentage points and the inhibition rate of conidial germination increased by 23.75 percentage points,which were 73.46%and 83.06%,respectively.The above results provide a scientific basis for the chemical control of three host canker diseases,such as apple,pear and poplar.
