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基因组编辑系统CRISPR-Cas9研究进展及其在猪研究中的应用

作  者:
刘贵生;吴俊静;乔木;彭先文;梅书棋
单  位:
湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室
关键词:
基因组编辑;CRISPR-Cas9;猪;基因功能;网络调控
摘  要:
规律成簇的间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)及其相关的蛋白(Cas)原本是细菌抵御病毒的获得免疫系统,人们很快发现其应用潜力,即RNA引导的核酸酶Cas9对靶DNA进行基因组编辑:敲除、敲入、敲降。CRISPR-Cas9是继ZNF、TALENS技术之后的第三代基因组编辑技术,具有突变效率高、成本低、制作简单、能够诱导多位点同时突变等特点。除了基因工程功能外,CRISPR-Cas9系统还具有基因调控、基因组标记功能、大片段删除、全基因组扫描与编辑RNA等,且发展到CRISPR3.0,并继续开发其新应用。从2012年底开始,CRISPR的一系列创新性应用开启了整个基因组编辑研究的革命,成为生命科学领域的技术明星。文章对其最新进展进行了综述,并对其在猪中的应用及潜力进行了展望。
译  名:
Progress of Genome Editing CRISPR-Cas9 and Its Applications in Swine
作  者:
LIU Gui-sheng;WU Jun-jing;QIAO Mu;PENG Xian-wen;MEI Shu-qi;Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding;
关键词:
Genomic editing;;CRISPR-Cas9;;pig;;gene function;;network control
摘  要:
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein(Cas) which were discovered and applied in genome editing were originally the acquired immune system of bacteria to resist the virus. CRISPRCas9 is the third generation of genome editing technology after ZNF and TALENS, and has the characteristics of high mutation efficiency, low cost, simple manufacture, and can induce multiple mutations simultaneously. In addition to genetic engineering functions, the CRISPR-Cas9 system also has the functions such as gene regulation, genomic marking, large fragment deletion, genome-wide scanning and RNA editing. It has been developed into CRISPR3.0 and will continue to develop new version. From the end of 2012, its series of innovative applications started the revolution of genome editing research, and became the technology star of life sciences. In this paper the latest progress and prospects of the CRISPR-Cas9 system were summarized and focused on its application and potential in swine.

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