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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 小麦叶锈病新抗源筛选 植物遗传资源学报 2013,14 (5) 936-944
Position: Home > Articles > Screening of New Resistance Sources of Wheat Leaf Rust Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 2013,14 (5) 936-944

小麦叶锈病新抗源筛选

作  者：
刘成;闫红飞;宫文萍;李光蓉;刘大群;杨足君
单  位：
河北农业大学植物保护学院;电子科技大学生命科学与技术学院
关键词：
小麦叶锈病;山羊草;簇毛麦;披碱草;新基因
摘  要：
小麦叶锈病是小麦生产的主要病害之一,发病严重时往往导致大幅度减产。叶锈菌生理小种的变异易导致抗病基因抗性的丧失,因此不断获得新抗源对小麦抗病育种至关重要。小麦近缘植物中含有丰富的小麦育种所需的抗病基因。本研究从小麦-近缘植物双二倍体、附加系、代换系或易位系等创新种质中筛选出小麦叶锈病新抗源,为利用这些新抗源打下基础。苗期对116份供试材料人工接种美国堪萨斯州流行的小麦叶锈菌混合生理小种(Lrcomp),其中部分材料人工接种09-9-1441-1等5个中国当前流行的叶锈菌生理小种进行抗性鉴定,筛选获得新抗源。116份种质中,31份免疫、近免疫或高抗Lrcomp。含有希尔斯山羊草、尾状山羊草、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、两芒山羊草、卵穗山羊草、沙融山羊草、柱穗山羊草、顶芒山羊草、小伞山羊草、偏凸山羊草、中间偃麦草、茸毛偃麦草、长穗偃麦草、粗穗披碱草、栽培黑麦、非洲黑麦、提莫菲维小麦染色质的部分种质免疫或高抗Lrcomp,而含二角山羊草、无芒山羊草、沙生冰草、多年生簇毛麦和1年生簇毛麦染色质的种质表现中感至高感Lrcomp。希尔斯山羊草4S染色体、尾状山羊草C#1和D#1染色体和两芒山羊草、顶芒山羊草中可能含有未被报道的抗Lrcomp的新基因,值得进一步向小麦转育。小麦-粗穗披碱草1HtS.1BL罗伯逊易位系对Lrcomp及09-9-1441-1和09-9-1426-1等5个中国当前流行叶锈菌生理小种近免疫,值得利用染色体工程等方法获得小片段抗病易位系应用于我国小麦抗叶锈育种。
译  名：
Screening of New Resistance Sources of Wheat Leaf Rust
作  者：
LIU Cheng;YAN Hong-fei;GONG Wen-ping;LI Guang-rong;LIU Da-qun;YANG Zu-jun;School of Life Science and Technology,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China;College of Plant Protection,Agricultural University of Hebei;
关键词：
wheat leaf rust;;Aegilops;;Dasypyrum;;Elymus;;new gene
摘  要：
Wheat leaf rust,one of the most major diseases of wheat,greatly reduce wheat yield when wheat cultivars are infected. It is important to continuously screen and obtain new resistance sources for wheat breeding due to the resistance losses caused by mutant of leaf rust races. Wheat-relatives harbor resistance gene( s) which could be transferred to wheat for wheat breeding purpose. In this research,we screened and characterized new leaf rust resistance sources from wheat-relatives amphidiploids,additions,substitutions and translocations for further using these germplasm. Leaf rust complex isolates( Lrcomp)( from Kansas State) and 09-9-1441-1 etc. five leaf rust isolates( from China),were inoculated to germplasm at seedling stage,and were scored for infection types. Total 31 from116 germplasm are immune or highly resistant to Lrcomp. Part of germplasm included Aegilops searsii,Ae. caudate,Ae. speltoide,Ae. biuncialis,Ae. geniculata,Ae. sharonensis,Ae. peregrina,Ae. comosa,Ae. umbellulata,Ae. ventricosa,Thinopyrum intermedium,Th. intermedium ssp. trichophoru,Th. elongatum,Elymus trachycaulus,Secale cereale,S. africanum or Triticum timopheevii chromatin are immune or highly resistant to Lrcomp,while germplasm which contain Ae. bicornis,Ae. mutica,Agropyron scirpeum,Dasypyrum breviaristatum or D. villosum chromatin are susceptible to Lrcomp. Aegilops searsii 4S schromosome,Ae. caudate C#1 and D#1 chromosmes,and Ae. biuncialis,Ae. comosa may harbor new wheat leaf rust resistance gene which need further research. Wheat-E. trachycaulus Robertsonian translocation line 1HtS. 1BL,nearly immune to Lrcomp and other five leaf rust isolates indicating that it is worth to make small chromosome translocation by chromosome engineering for wheat breeding purpose.

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