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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 10种生物源杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病菌的室内活性评价 西北林学院学报 2019 (1) 150-156
Position: Home > Articles > Antifungal Activity of 10 Biological Fungicides Against Valsa mali Journal of Northwest Forestry University 2019 (1) 150-156

10种生物源杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病菌的室内活性评价

作  者：
王帅;刘召阳;高小宁;冯浩;秦虎强;黄丽丽
单  位：
西北农林科技大学植物保护学院旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室
关键词：
苹果树腐烂病菌;生物源杀菌剂;毒力;防治效果
摘  要：
为筛选出对苹果树腐烂病防治高效的生物源杀菌剂,采用菌丝生长速率法、分生孢子萌发法和离体枝条接种法,测定了10种生物源杀菌剂对苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制效果及其在苹果离体枝条上的保护作用。结果表明,10种供试生物源药剂对腐烂病菌均有一定的抑制效果,除3%中生菌素WP外,其他9种药剂对分生孢子萌发的抑制效果均优于对菌丝生长的抑制效果。其中,300亿·g~(-1)解淀粉芽孢杆菌WP、1 000亿·g~(-1)枯草芽孢杆菌WP和复合微生物菌剂3种药剂的室内毒力最强,对菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的EC_(50)分别为0.69、0.89、1.88、0.19、0.039μg·mL~(-1)和0.064μg·mL~(-1)。其次为0.5%氨基寡糖素AS、3%中生菌素WP、5%香芹酚AS、0.5%小檗碱AS和0.4%蛇床子素SL 5种药剂,对菌丝生长的EC_(50)为26.06～290.7μg·mL~(-1),分生孢子萌发的EC_(50)为8.29～136.0μg·mL~(-1)。而0.3%苦参碱EC和2%农抗120AS对菌丝生长的EC_(50)均>2 000μg·mL~(-1),显著>其他几种药剂,室内毒力最差。离体枝条保护试验结果表明,300亿·g~(-1)解淀粉芽孢杆菌WP、1 000亿·g~(-1)枯草芽孢杆菌WP、0.5%氨基寡糖素AS和复合微生物菌剂对离体枝条保护作用最强,其室内防效均>85%,而0.3%苦参碱EC和2%农抗120AS保护作用最差,其室内防效与其他药剂之间存在显著差异,这与室内毒力测定结果相一致。综上所述,300亿·g~(-1)解淀粉芽孢杆菌WP、1 000亿·g~(-1)枯草芽孢杆菌WP、复合微生物菌剂和0.5%氨基寡糖素AS 4种药剂可作为防治苹果树腐烂病的替代生物源杀菌剂。
译  名：
Antifungal Activity of 10 Biological Fungicides Against Valsa mali
作  者：
WANG Shuai;LIU Zhao-yang;GAO Xiao-ning;FENG Hao;QIN Hu-qiang;HUANG Li-li;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University;
单  位：
WANG Shuai%LIU Zhao-yang%GAO Xiao-ning%FENG Hao%QIN Hu-qiang%HUANG Li-li%State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University
关键词：
Valsa mali;;biological fungicide;;toxicity;;control effect
摘  要：
In order to select effective biological fungicides to control the apple valsa canker(AVC)caused by Valsa mali,the inhibitory effects of ten different biological fungicides on mycelial growth,conidial germination and protective effect on excised twigs were determined by the method of mycelial growth rate,conidial germination and scald inoculation on shoots in vitro.The results showed that all the tested agents displayed inhibitory effects on V.mali.They presented stronger inhibitory effects on conidial germination than mycelial growth with the exception of 3% Zhongshengmycin WP.Among them,3.0×1010 cfu·g~(-1) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WP,1.0×1011 cfu·g~(-1) B.subtilis WP,and composite microbial agents were the most toxic with EC_(50) values of 0.69,0.89,and 1.88μg·mL~(-1) for mycelial growth and 0.19,0.039,and 0.059μg·mL~(-1) for conidial germination,respectively.The EC_(50) values of 0.5% amino.oligosaccharin AS,3%Zhongshengmycin WP,5%carvacrol AS,0.5%berberine AS,and 0.4%osthol SL were ranged from 26.06 to 290.7μg·mL~(-1) for mycelial growth and 8.29 to 136.0μg·mL~(-1) for conidial germination.However,0.3% matrine EC and 2% Nongkang 120 AS were the lowest toxic since the EC_(50) of mycelial growth was higher than 2 000μg·mL~(-1).The protective measures for protecting inoculation on excised twigs showed that 3.0×1010 cfu·g~(-1) B.amyloliquefaciens WP,1.0×1011 cfu·g~(-1) B.subtilis WP,0.5% amino.oligosaccharin AS and composite microbial agents had the highest protection effect on shoot growth with over85%control effect.The 0.3% matrine EC and 2% Nongkang 120 AS showed the worst protection effect,which was consistent with the virulence test results.In summary,3.0×1010 cfu·g~(-1) B.amyloliquefaciens WP,1.0×1011 cfu·g~(-1) B.subtilis WP,composite microbial agents and 0.5% amino.oligosaccharin AS could be used as alternative biological fungicides for controlling AVC.

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