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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 不同气候适应类型果蝇体色黑化可塑性的适应性变化(英文) 昆虫学报 2011,54 (10) 71-80
Position: Home > Articles > Adaptive changes in the plasticity of body melanisation in generalist, cold and warm adapted Drosophila species Acta Entomologica Sinica 2011,54 (10) 71-80

不同气候适应类型果蝇体色黑化可塑性的适应性变化(英文)

作  者：
Ravi PARKASH;Seema RAMNIWAS;Chanderkala LAMBHOD;Babita KAJLA
单  位：
Department
关键词：
果蝇;表型;气候适应;体色黑化;发育可塑性;遗传多态性;物种分布
摘  要：
变温昆虫果蝇 Drosophila 深受热选择( 即遗传效应) 或表型诱导效应( 即可塑性) 的影响。表型可塑性是不同生物进行适应的有效方法,但是它在不同的果蝇种中较少受到关注。我们分析了不同发育温度范围和地理分布的果蝇的黑化反应模式。嗜凤梨果蝇 D. ananassae 和蒲桃果蝇 D. jambulina 对低温敏感,这些物种可在 18 ～32℃下饲育。相反,D. nepalensis 为耐冷且对热敏感的物种,可在 12 ～25℃下饲育。世界广为分布的黑腹果蝇 D. melanogaster 的温度范围宽( 13 ～31℃) ,该物种前 3 个腹节和后 3 个腹节的黑化反应模式未见明显差异。D. nepalensis 的全部 6 个腹节( 第 2 ～7 节) 均具有高度的可塑性。不过,黑腹果蝇 D. melanogaster 只有后 3 个腹节具有可塑性。相反,热带物种嗜凤梨果蝇 D. ananassae 的所有腹节均不具有可塑性。世界广为分布的黑腹果蝇,即使来自冷得多的气候环境,其体色也不加深,与 D. nepalensis 中观察到的体色接近。本研究的目的旨在认识引起体色的形态多样性的过程以及果蝇对不同地理区域的适应性。最后,将体色黑化与物种系统发育谱系的比较表明,在不同的演化谱系中不断发生遗传多态性或表型可塑性两种不同模式的适应。
译  名：
Adaptive changes in the plasticity of body melanisation in generalist, cold and warm adapted Drosophila species
作  者：
Ravi PARKASH, Seema RAMNIWAS, Chanderkala LAMBHOD, Babita KAJLA (Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India)
关键词：
Drosophila;phenotype;climate adaptation;body melanisation;developmental plasticity;genetic polymorphism;species distribution
摘  要：
Ectothermic drosophilids are profoundly affected by thermal selection (i.e., genetic effects) or through induced effects on phenotype (i.e., plasticity). Phenotypic plasticity is a powerful means of adaptation in diverse organisms but has received less attention for different drosophilids. We analyzed reaction norms of melanisation in Drosophila species which differ in developmental thermal range and geographical distribution. D. ananassae and D. jambulina are cold sensitive, and these species can be cultured between 18 to 32℃. By contrast, D. nepalensis is cold-tolerant and heat-sensitive species which can be raised between 12 and 25℃. The cosmopolitan species D. melanogaster has a broader thermal range (13-31℃). Significant differences were observed between reaction norms of melanisation in three anterior vs. three posterior abdominal segments in these species. In D. nepalensis, all the six abdominal segments (2nd-7th) are highly plastic. However, only the last three abdominal segments are plastic in D. melanogaster. In contrast, D. ananassae (a tropical species) lacks plasticity for all abdominal segments. Cosmopolitan species (D. melanogaster), even from much colder climates, does not show darker phenotypes similar to that observed in D. nepalensis. The aim of this study is to understand the processes involved in generating the morphological diversity of color patterns and adaptation of Drosophila species to different geographical regions. Finally, comparing body melanisation patterns to phylogeny suggests recurrent adaptations for genetic polymorphism vs. phenotypic plasticity in different evolutionary lineages.

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