单 位：
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室;中国科学院大学资源环境学院;广东省生态环境技术研究所广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室
关键词：
降水特征;流域产沙;空间变异性;无定河流域;黄土区
摘 要：
通过泰森多边形加权变差系数法研究了黄河中游无定河流域黄土区降水和侵蚀产沙的空间变异规律,并用线性回归分析探究两者空间变异性的相关性。以黄河主要泥沙来源区之一的无定河流域为例,分析了该流域黄土区1959—2015年水土保持措施综合治理前后降水和侵蚀产沙的时空变异规律,所选用的降水特征为汛期降水(P_(flood))和汛期降雨侵蚀力(R_(flood)),用产沙模数(SSY)表示该流域产沙量的多少。结果表明:(1)在水土流失治理前(1959—1970年),该地区降水特征与产沙模数在时间上的增减变化趋势一致,而且两者呈显著的幂函数相关关系(P<0.01),P_(flood)和R_(flood)对侵蚀产沙的影响一致;在大规模水土流失治理后(1971—2015年),由于该流域修建了大量淤地坝等水土保持措施,产沙量骤减,降水特征和产沙模数无显著相关关系。(2)在多年时间尺度上(1959—2015年),汛期降水的空间变异性为8%,汛期降雨侵蚀力的空间变异系数为15%,汛期降水的空间变异性小于汛期降雨侵蚀力;1959—1970年期间产沙模数的空间变异性小于1971—2015年期间。在1959—1970年期间,降水特征和产沙模数的空间变异性呈显著的二次多项式相关关系(P<0.01),而且汛期降雨侵蚀力与产沙模数的空间变异性的相关性更加显著(R~2=0.76,P<0.01);1971—2015年降水特征与产沙模数的空间变异性无显著相关关系。在人类活动以前流域产沙空间变异性的主要影响因素为汛期降雨侵蚀力的空间变异性,而在水土流失治理之后降水的空间变异性对流域产沙空间变异性的影响减小,此时流域产沙的空间变异主要受人类活动的影响。
译 名：
Correlation and Spatial-Temporal Variation of Precipitation and Sediment Production in Wuding River Loess Area
作 者：
ZHANG Ping;ZHENG Mingguo;CAI Qiangguo;MA Xiaoqing;Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Water Circulation and Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, CAS;College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environment Science & Technology;
关键词：
precipitation characteristics;;specific sediment yield;;Spatial-Temporal variation;;Wuding River basin;;loess region
摘 要：
The spatial variation of precipitation and erosion sediment production in loess areas of Wuding River basin in the middle reach of the Yellow River were studied by using Thiessen polygon weighted coefficient of variation method, and the correlation between the spatial variability was explored by using linear regression analysis. Based on Wuding River basin, one of the main sediment source area of the Yellow River, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of precipitation and sediment yield of the loess area in 1959—2015 before and after the soil and water conservation measures, choosing flood season precipitation(P_(flood)) and flood season rainfall erosivity(R_(flood)) for the precipitation characteristics, and specific sediment yield(SSY) for sediments production. The results showed that:(1) Before soil and water conservation measures(1959—1970), the trend of precipitation characteristics in this region was consistent with the change of SSY in time, and the two precipitation characteristics showed a significant power function correlation(P < 0.01). The effects of P_(flood) and R_(flood)on erosion sediment yield were consistent. After large-scale soil and water conservation measures(1971—2015), due to the construction of a large number of silt-dam in study area, sediment yield decreased sharply, and there was no significant correlation between precipitation characteristics and SSY.(2) On the multi-year time scale(1959—2015), the spatial variability of P_(flood)was 8%, and the spatial variation coefficient of R_(flood) was 15%, and the spatial variability of P_(flood)was less than that of R_(flood). The spatial variability of SSY between 1959—1970 was smaller than that between 1971—2015. During 1959—1970, the spatial variability of precipitation characteristics and SSY showed a significant quadratic polynomial correlation(P < 0.01), and the correlation between R_(flood) and SSY was more significant(R~(2 )= 0.76, P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between precipitation characteristics and SSY from 1971 to 2015. The results showed that the spatial variability of SSY before human activities was mainly affected by the spatial variability of R_(flood), while the spatial variability of SSY as mainly affected by human activities after soil and water conservation measures.
