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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 环境DNA及其在水生生态系统保护中的应用 生态学杂志 2016,35 (2) 516-523
Position: Home > Articles > Environmental DNA and its application in protecting aquatic ecosystems Chinese Journal of Ecology 2016,35 (2) 516-523

环境DNA及其在水生生态系统保护中的应用

作  者：
马鸿娟;STEWART Kathryn;马利民;任文伟;赵建夫
单  位：
同济大学环境科学与工程学院
关键词：
环境DNA;生物监测;生物多样性
摘  要：
环境DNA(environmental DNA,e DNA)是指可以从环境样品(如水、土壤、空气、冰芯等)中直接提取到的DNA片段总和。e DNA技术是在确定调查物种或种群的特异性基因识别片段的基础上,利用各种分子手段检测从环境介质中所提取e DNA包含识别片段的情况,进而确定取样环境中生物的分布状况,包括e DNA获取、e DNA分析和结果分析3个阶段,是近年来新出现的一种生物调查方法。与传统方法相比,e DNA技术具有灵敏度高、省时省力、对调查对象无损伤等优点,不要求调查者具有传统的生物识别及鉴定经验。目前e DNA技术已被应用于目标物种(如入侵物种、濒危物种及其他稀有物种)"有无"的检测、生物量的估测、水体生物多样性的调查等,在水生生态系统的保护中具有广泛的应用前景,但目前仅在少数发达国家展开应用,亟待进一步推广。目前研究者们所用的e DNA方法各不相同,有待对现有方法进行完善并建立技术标准;作为一种调查方法,其时间及空间精确度有待进一步评价;利用e DNA技术估测生物量的准确度还较低,建议首先提高对e DNA产生与降解动力学的认识,再进一步寻求提高其准确度的方法。
译  名：
Environmental DNA and its application in protecting aquatic ecosystems
作  者：
MA Hong-juan;STEWART Kathryn;MA Li-min;REN Wen-wei;ZHAO Jian-fu;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University;WWF-Beijing Office;
关键词：
environmental DNA;;biological monitoring;;biodiversity.
摘  要：
Environmental DNA( e DNA) refers to DNA that can be directly extracted from environmental samples( such as soil,water,air and ice core). As such,e DNA has been utilized as a new biological survey method which is comprised of capturing e DNA,gene analysis and result analysis and can be used to monitor the distribution of organisms by detecting species-specific target DNA. Compared with traditional biological survey methods,e DNA has been demonstrated to be more sensitive,efficient,effective and noninvasive,and importantly does not depend on ecological or natural history expertise from researchers. To date,the e DNA method has seen myriad applications such as( 1) the presence / absence of rare species( invasive and endangered species),( 2) the estimation of population biomass,and( 3) the monitoring of aquatic ecosystem biodiversity,among others. Despite having shown brilliant potential for conservation management and the protection of ecosystems,this method has only been applied in some advanced countries and warrants expansion worldwide. e DNA methods vary from different researchers and need to be improved to standards. As a survey method,its temporal and spatial precision should also be further evaluated. The accuracy of harnessing e DNA to estimate biomass is still low; we recommend researchers understand the dynamics of e DNA generation and degradation firstly and then search the method to improve the accuracy.

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