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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 菌虫复合技术在梨火疫病疫木生物转化中的应用 农业环境科学学报 2024,43 (10) 2393-2400
Position: Home > Articles > Application of microorganism and insect composite technology in bio-transformation of pear branches infected by fire blight Journal of Agro-Environment Science 2024,43 (10) 2393-2400

菌虫复合技术在梨火疫病疫木生物转化中的应用

作  者：
杨磊磊;杜会英;盛强;魏志鹏;张广杰;徐安东;王易芳;杨文君;王赞;马德英;黄伟
单  位：
新疆农业大学农学院 农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室;农业农村部环境保护科研监测所;新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院
关键词：
梨火疫病菌;库尔勒香梨;疫木枝条;白星花金龟;腐解菌;资源化利用
摘  要：
林果疫木枝条的无害化处理和资源化利用,是当前农林废弃物处理以及植物疫病防控的难点,也是农业环境科学与植物保护科学交叉研究的新方向.本试验以库尔勒香梨(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu)梨火疫病疫木为靶标,采用菌-虫(白星花金龟,Protaetia brevitarsis)联合,开展菌剂、牛粪香梨枝条配比、酵化时间的三因素五水平正交试验,明确疫木发酵关键技术参数,以及白星花金龟最佳取食组合.试验结果表明,5种腐解菌+牛粪处理最高发酵温度均已超过55℃,其中EM菌剂腐解效果最好,LK菌剂次之.发酵产物经菌虫复合转化12d后,幼虫质量增加5.32~8.38 g,虫砂量可达36.93~83.55 g,虫砂转化率最高可达94.26%.综合考虑降低牛粪添加比例、酵化时间及物料处理成本,LK菌剂、添加40%的牛粪及酵化25d为白星花金龟幼虫最佳取食组合方案,且发酵产物以及白星花金龟转化产物虫体和虫砂中均未检测出梨火疫病菌(Erwinia amylovora).研究表明,微生物与白星花金龟相结合对香梨疫木枝条有较好的转化率,通过白星花金龟实现了疫木枝条的资源化利用,且阻断了疫木枝条传播病源的途径.
译  名：
Application of microorganism and insect composite technology in bio-transformation of pear branches infected by fire blight
关键词：
Erwinia amylovora%Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu%pear branches infeced by fire blight%Protaetia brevitarsis%decomposing fungi%resourceful utilization
摘  要：
Harmless treatments and resourceful utilization of fruit and forest tree branches have become a paramout problem for agricultural and forestry waste treatments and plant diseases cotrol,which is also a new intersection of agro-environemnt science and plant protection science research.In this study,Korla fragrant pear(Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu)branches infected by fire blight were used as targets.The combination of microorganism and insects(Protaetia brevitarsis)was employed in the three-factor and five-level orthogonal test of the ratio of microorganism,cow dung and pear branches and the number of fermentation days.The experiment aimed to determine the key technical parameters for fermentation of diseased branches,and explore the best scheme for feeding the P.brevitarsis.The results indicated that the highest fermentation temperatures of five decomposing microorganism+cow dung treatments had exceeded 55℃,among which EM agent had the best decomposing effect,followed by LK agent.After the fermentation product was transformed for 12 days by microorganism and insects,the weight of larvae increased by 5.32-8.38 g,the amount of insect dung sand reached to 36.93-83.55 g,and the highest conversion rate of insect dung sand reached 94.26%.On account of reducing the proportion of cow dung addition,the number of days of fermentation and the cost of material treatment,the best feeding scheme for the P.brevitarsis larvae was LK microbial agent,40%cow dung addition and 25 days of fermentation.In addition,Erwinia amylovora was not detected in fermentation product,the body and insect dung sand of P.brevitarsis.The application of microorganisms and P.brevitarsis was capable of transforming the infected branches of fragrant pear,realizing resourceful utilization of infected pear branches and blocking the disease spreading path by infected branches.

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