作 者：
刘绍春;王二龙;汪开毓;秦振阳;杨倩;刘韬;赵武义;谢恒
关键词：
玛卡;草鱼;生长性能;免疫功能;胁迫;攻毒
摘 要：
本试验旨在探究饲料中添加玛卡对草鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响.选取体重为(9.0±0.4) g的健康草鱼,驯化暂养2周后随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复60尾.5组草鱼分别饲喂基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、0.2、1.0、5.0和10.0 g/kg玛卡粉末的试验饲料,连续投喂8周后对草鱼的生长性能、免疫功能相关指标进行测定.饲养试验结束后,对各组草鱼进行胁迫试验和攻毒试验,对胁迫环境和疾病感染应激情况下草鱼的存活率进行测定.结果显示:与对照组相比,饲料中添加不同水平的玛卡可不同程度地降低草鱼的饲料系数,提高草鱼的终末体重、增重率、摄食量及内脏器官指数.其中,5.0 g/kg组的作用效果最佳,其终末体重、增重率、饲料系数以及脾脏指数、头肾指数和性腺指数与对照组的差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05);此外,与对照组相比,饲料中添加5.0 g/kg玛卡显著提高了整个试验期内草鱼血清中溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性以及白蛋白、总蛋白、补体3和免疫球蛋白M的含量(P<0.05),显著提高了草鱼在亚硝态氮胁迫和假单胞菌感染应激情况下的存活率(P<0.05).以上结果表明,在饲料中添加适宜水平的玛卡可提高草鱼的生长性能和免疫功能,增强草鱼在胁迫环境和疾病感染应激情况下的抵抗力.综合分析,草鱼饲料中玛卡的添加量以5.0 g/kg为宜.
作 者：
LIU Shaochun;WANG Erlong;WANG Kaiyu;QIN Zhenyang;YANG Qian;LIU Tao;ZHAO Wuyi;XIE Heng;College of Veterinary Medicine,Sichuan Agricultural University;Beijing Yumeikang Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.;
单 位：
LIU Shaochun%WANG Erlong%WANG Kaiyu%QIN Zhenyang%YANG Qian%LIU Tao%ZHAO Wuyi%XIE Heng%College of Veterinary Medicine,Sichuan Agricultural University%Beijing Yumeikang Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.
关键词：
maca;;grass carp;;growth performance;;immune function;;stress;;challenge
摘 要：
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maca( Lepidium meyenii) supplementation on growth performance and immune function of grass carp( Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Healthy grass carp with the body weight of( 9.0±0.4) g were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and60 fish per replicate after 2 weeks domestication period. Fish in the 5 groups were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0( control group) 0.2,1.0,5.0 and 10.0 g/kg maca powder based on a basal diet,respectively. The feeding experiment carried out for 8 weeks. The growth performance,immune function related indexes were determined at the end of experiment. After the feeding experiment,stress test and challenge test were carried for fish in each group,and the survival rate of grass carp under the stimulation of nitrite nitrogen stress and disease infection were determined. The results showed that diets supplemented with different levels of maca could reduce the feed conversion ratio and enhance the final body weight,weight gain rate,feed intake and visceral organ indexes of grass carp at different degrees. Among these,the diet supplemented with 5. 0 g/kg maca showed the best effect on grass carp,and it had significant differences in final body weight,weight gain rate,feed conversion ratio and spleen,head kidney,gonad indexes compared with control group( P < 0.05).Moreover,compared with control group,the diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg maca significantly increased the serum lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities,albumin,total protein,complement 3 and immunoglobulin Mcontents during the experiment( P < 0. 05),as well as significantly enhanced the survival rate of grass carp under nitrite nitrogen stress and Pseudomonas infection stress( P<0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that suitable supplemental level of maca can increase the growth performance and immune function,and enhance the resistance against the stimulation of nitrite nitrogen stress and disease infection of grass carp.By comprehensive analysis,the recommended dose of maca added to the diet of grass carp is 5.0 g/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3356-3365]
