关键词：
罗非鱼;膨化饲料;颗粒饲料;维生素;生长性能;营养物质沉积;血清生化指标
摘 要：
本试验旨在研究饲料加工工艺及维生素添加量对罗非鱼生长性能、营养物质沉积和血清生化指标的影响。在基础饲料配方中添加0.50%的维生素预混料,分别制成颗粒饲料和膨化饲料;另外,再将配方中维生素预混料的添加量分别升高到0.66%、0.82%,制成膨化饲料。试验共得4组饲料,投喂平均体重为(8.0±0.1)g的罗非鱼,每组3个重复,每个重复35尾。试验期为8周。结果表明:1)在相同配方条件下,摄食膨化饲料的罗非鱼较摄食颗粒饲料的罗非鱼增重率提高8.91%(P<0.05),饲料系数降低9.42%(P<0.05);同时,其肝体指数、全鱼粗蛋白质含量、营养物质沉积率(包括蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率、能量沉积率)以及血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性和甘油三酯含量均较摄食颗粒饲料的罗非鱼显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)在膨化饲料组中,随着维生素预混料添加量由0.50%升高到0.66%,罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率和能量沉积率显著升高(P<0.05),而饲料系数、全鱼粗灰分含量则显著降低(P<0.05);当维生素预混料添加量由0.66%继续升高到0.82%时,罗非鱼的生长性能及营养物质沉积率并没有得到进一步的改善。由此可见,在相同配方条件下,罗非鱼摄食膨化饲料较摄食颗粒饲料具有更好的生长性能和更高的营养物质沉积率;膨化饲料配方中适当的超量添加维生素,有利于提高罗非鱼的生长性能和对饲料中营养物质的利用。
译 名：
Effects of Feed Processing Technology and Vitamin Addition on Growth Performance,Nutrient Retention and Serum Biochemical Indices of Tilapia,Oreochromis aureus×Tilapia nilotica
作 者：
MA Fei;LI Xiaoqin;LI Baian;GAN Tian;LENG Xiangjun;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery G ermplasm Resources,Ministry of Aquaculture;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture;Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform,Aquatic Animal Breeding Center ( ZF1206) ,Shanghai Ocean University;
关键词：
tilapia;;extruded diet;;pelleted diet;;vitamin;;growth performance;;nutrient retention;;serum bio-chemical indices
摘 要：
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed processing technology and vitamin addition on grow th performance,nutrient retention and serum biochemical indices of tilapia,Oreochromis aureus ×Tilapia nilotica. A basal diet containing 0.50% vitamin premix w as formulated,and a pelleted diet and an extruded diet w ere prepared. In addition,the other tw o extruded diets containing 0. 66% and 0. 82% vitamin premix w ere prepared,respectively,then four diets w ere fed to the tilapia w ith an average body w eight of( 8.0±0.1) g for 8 weeks. Each group contained 3 replicates of 35 fish per replicate. The results showed as follow s: 1) under the same formula condition,compared w ith the fish fed the pelleted diet,the w eight gain rate( WGR) of the fish fed the extruded diet was increased by 8.91%( P<0.05),while the feed conversion ratio( FCR) was decreased by 9.42%( P<0.05); moreover,the hepato-somatic index( HSI),whole-body crude protein content,nutrition retention ratios[including protein efficiency ratio( PER),protein retention ratio( PRR),lipid retention ratio( LRR) and energy retention ratio( ERR) ],serum alanine transaminase( ALT)and aspartate transaminase( AST) activities and serum triglyceride( TG) content w ere all significantly increased( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 2) Among the extruded diets,w ith the vitamin premix addition increased from0.50% to 0.66%,the WGR,SGR,PER,PRR and ERR w ere significantly increased( P<0.05),w hile the FCR and w hole-body ash content w ere significantly decreased( P<0.05). There w ere no further improvements in grow th performance and nutrient retention ratios w ith the vitamin premix addition increased from 0.66% to0.82%. It is concluded that the tilapia fed the extruded diet have a better grow th performance and a higher nutrient retention ratio than the tilapia fed the pelleted diet w ith the same formula. Adding vitamin premix w ith a proper excessive amount in the extruded diet can improve the grow th performance and dietary nutrition utilization of tilapia.
