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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 我国梨的种质资源和梨的育种 园艺学报 1979 (2) 69-76
Position: Home > Articles > GERM PLASM SOURCE AND BREEDING OF PEAR IN CHINA Acta Horticulturae Sinica 1979 (2) 69-76

我国梨的种质资源和梨的育种

作  者：
蒲富慎
单  位：
中国农业科学院果树研究所
摘  要：
我国的梨属于东方梨系,有13个种类,1000多个品种,分布、栽培范围广,抗性、适应性强。栽培品种包括软肉和脆肉两种类型,而以脆肉型为主。这构成我国梨树种质资源的特点。我国现有梨树,是野生种类和栽培品种种间和品种间杂交天然进化的结果,具有多种类的基因组成,这对梨的育种具有重要意义。但普遍存在的一个缺点是,脆肉品种与秋子梨、西洋梨相比,风味不够浓郁。我国大多地区需要脆肉风味浓厚的品种。天然进化和育种实践证明:通过种间杂交,主要是软肉和脆肉的种间杂交,有很大可能获得符合这一要求的品种。一般说,种间杂交还能使抗寒性、抗病性、丰产性得到显著增进。文内列举了大量的材料,论证了梨的种质资源研究对梨树育种的重要性,可供我国梨树育种工作者参考。
译  名：
GERM PLASM SOURCE AND BREEDING OF PEAR IN CHINA
作  者：
Pu Fushen (Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science)
摘  要：
There are 13 species and 1000 varieties or more of Chinese pears which have been classified into oriental pear. The Chinese pear has its distribution and grow-ing region in a wide range. It is valuable and successful for its disease resistance and adaptability, especially, among cultivars, consisting of both varieties with crisp flesh and soft melting flesh. The former dominants over the latter. All these are characteristic of the pear germ plasm source in China. It is very significant to pear breeding that the Chinese wild species and cultivars are composed of the gen-es involving many species that result from the natural evolution of complex crossing between species or varieties in China, occuring in nature. In view of the actual situation of China, although it is quite many of crisp-flesh varieties in China, it has a disadvantage in common that the fruit flavor is less stronger in crisp-flesh variety than in soft one. For the most of growing regions, it is nec-cessary to breed the variety, which is crisp-flesh with stronger aroma. The evi-dence of natural evolution and breeding practice shows that makes it possible in obtaining the variety which could satisfy this requirement by crossing between spe-cies, especially, spieces of crisp-flesh and soft-flesh. Generally, crosses between species also makes it possible to markedly improve its disease resistance, winter hardiness and productivity. A large number of data are included in this paper which suggests that the research of pear germplasm is important for pear breeding, and will be a reference in chinese pear breeding when the pear germ plasm source are available.

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