单 位：
西北农林科技大学理学院;青岛农业大学植物保护学院
关键词：
黄硬皮马勃;杀虫活性;抑菌活性;除草活性
摘 要：
用甲醇和氯仿等提取黄硬皮马勃Scleroderma citrinumPer.的子实体,获得提取物,并测定其杀虫、抑菌及除草活性,结果表明:黄硬皮马勃子实体提取物对粘虫具较拒食、毒杀和触杀作用,其中以拒食、毒杀活性较好,触杀活性相对较弱。黄硬皮马勃总浸膏(甲醇∶氯仿=1∶1提取)及其石油醚萃取物在25mg/ml的供试浓度下,对3龄粘虫的48h拒食率分别为96.8%、81.3%。石油醚萃取物饲喂3龄粘虫,LC50为8.4013mg/ml;触杀测定结果表明,25mg/ml的剂量对3龄粘虫48 h内的致死作用均小于54.0%。浓度为1mg/ml时,总浸膏及各萃取段对小麦赤霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制率在60%~70%;正丁醇萃取段对辣椒疫霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长抑制率大于85%。室内除草活性测定结果表明,总浸膏及各萃取段在浓度为12.5mg/ml时对反枝苋种子萌发、幼根和幼茎生长无明显抑制作用。
译 名：
Bioactivity of Scleroderma citrinum Extracts to the pests
作 者：
WEI Yan1,LI Wen-chuang2,HAO Shuang-hong1,3,Gao Jin-ming2,3(1.College of Plant Protection,QAU,Qingdao 266109;China;2.College of Life Sciences,Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry;3.Research and development center of biorational pesticide,Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry)
关键词：
Scleroderma citrinum;pesticide Activity;fungicide activity;herbicide activity
摘 要：
Substances were extracted by methanol and chloroform(methanolchloroform = 11) from the fungus of Scleroderma citrinum Per.The bioactivities of the extracts against pests(Mythimna separata,Fusarium graminearum,Phytophthora capsici,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Amaranthus retroflexus) were tested.The extract showed high antifeedant and poisonous effect,but poor touch toxicity to 3rd instars larvae of Mythimna separata.The antifeedant ratios of the total extract and the extract by petroleum to the 3rd instars larvae 48 hr after feeding were 96.8% and 81.3% respectively.The LC50 of extract by petroleum to the 3rd instars larvae was 8.4013mg/ml 24hr after feeding.The mortality of the 3rd instars larvae 48hr after touching extract by petroleum in concentration of 25.0 mg/ml was 54%.The inhibit rates of the total extract against the growth of Fusarium graminearum ranged from 60% to 70%.At a concentration of 1 mg/ml,the inhibit rates of extract by butanol against the growth of Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were both higher than 85%.The total extract and extracts by three solvent did not show any bioactivity against seed germination of Amaranthus retroflexus at a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml.
