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日本森林组合

作  者:
菊池真纯
单  位:
日本早稻田大学国际教养学院
关键词:
森林组合;法律与政策;变迁;实施效果
摘  要:
森林组合在日本林业发挥着非常重要的作用。介绍了日本的森林组合制度的形成背景、组合法律与政策的变迁、目前实施效果与面临的任务。其森林组合制度从1907年修改的《森林法》第一次提出至今已超过100年。到2007年,全日本有736个组合,组合员人数约160万人,加入的森林面积1115万公顷,占日本民有林面积的72%。目前的发展特点是组合数减少、经营效率提高;组员老龄化的同时,得益于2002年后政府实施的"绿色雇用事业"而增加了年轻组员。今后的发展目标:组合的集约化与高效率、培养林业人才、强化发挥森林功能多样性和山村发展的综合性政策;认为其森林组合政策仍有强化的余地。
译  名:
Forest Owners'Cooperative in Japan
作  者:
Masumi Kikuchi(Research Associate in School of International Liberal Studies in Waseda University)
关键词:
forest owners' cooperative,Low and Policy,Changes,Implementation effect
摘  要:
Forest combination in Japan forestry plays a very important role.Japanese forest cooperative system for mation background,combination of law and policy changes,the implementation effect and the task that face.The forest cooperative system from the 1907 revision of the forest law was first proposed more than 100 years.By 2007,the Japanese 736 combination,combination of the staff of about 1600000 people,to join the forest area is 11150000 hectares,accounting for the Japanese civilian have forest area 72%.Current development characteristic is combined to reduce the number of operating efficiency is improved;the crew aging at the same time,due to the 2002 after the government implemented the " green employment career" and increase the young team members.Goals for future development:a combination of intensive and efficient cultivation of forestry talent,strengthen,play a diversity of forest function,to promote the comprehensive development of village;the forest combination policy still is strengthening.

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