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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 农牧交错带人工草地及农作物下土壤酶活性特征 中国农学通报 2015,31 (20) 171-176
Position: Home > Articles > Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities under Artificial Grasslands and Crop in Agro-pastoral Transitional Zone Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015,31 (20) 171-176

农牧交错带人工草地及农作物下土壤酶活性特征

作  者：
梁秀芝;郑敏娜;李荫藩;薛龙飞
单  位：
山西农业科学院高寒区作物研究所
关键词：
土壤酶;人工草地;农田;土壤理化因子;农牧交错带
摘  要：
土壤酶直接影响着人工草地生态系统的物质循环和能量流动,是评价土壤质量的生物活性指标。在农牧交错带紫花苜蓿人工草地和农田内采集土壤样品,通过测定土壤有机质、p H、营养元素(N、K、Ca、Mg等)有效态含量及4种土壤酶(土壤脲酶、碱式磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶)的活性,分析了紫花苜蓿人工草地和农作物下土壤理化因子对土壤酶活性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)在紫花苜蓿人工草地中,土壤脲酶和碱式磷酸酶活性变化趋势一致,随种植年限的延长显著减少,且品种间差异显著(P<0.05),平均酶活性表现为3年龄>6年龄>10年龄草地。过氧化氢酶活性随种植年限的延长而逐渐增强,品种间差异显著(P<0.05);(2)不同类型农田中,土壤酶活性亦存在差别,玉米地土壤脲酶和碱式磷酸酶活性仅为马铃薯地的24%和70%;(3)比较人工草地与农田土壤酶活性,认为3种土壤酶(土壤脲酶、碱式磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶)的活性大小基本表现为马铃薯地>3年龄巨人草地>玉米地≥3年龄雷达克之星草地>6年龄雷达克之星草地>6年龄巨人草地>10年龄雷达克之星草地≥10年龄巨人草地;(4)相关性分析表明,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱式磷酸酶3种酶之间呈显著负相关。蔗糖酶活性与p H达到极显著正相关,脲酶和碱式磷酸酶与p H成显著负相关,速效氮和全氮呈极显著负相关,过氧化氢酶则与有机质、速效氮、全氮和水溶性镁呈显著正相关。
译  名：
Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activities under Artificial Grasslands and Crop in Agro-pastoral Transitional Zone
作  者：
Liang Xiuzhi;Zheng Minna;Li Yinfan;Xue Longfei;High Latitude Crops Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences;
关键词：
soil enzymes;;artificial grassland;;farmland;;soil physic-chemical properties;;agro-pastoral transitional zone
摘  要：
Soil enzymes directly affect the material circulation and energy flow in artificial grasslandecosystem, it is an index to evaluate the quality of soil biological activity. Soil samples were collected from theartificial alfalfa grassland and farmland in agro-pastoral transitional zone, through the determination of soilorganic matter, p H, available nutrient elements(N, K, Ca, Mg, etc.) content and activities of 4 soil enzymes(urease, alkaline phosphates, catalase and sucrase), the author analyzed the influence of soil physic-chemicalproperties on soil enzyme activities under artificial alfalfa grassland and farmland. The results showed that:(1) in artificial alfalfa grassland, the activities of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase had the same variationtrend, the activities reduced obviously with the increase of planting year, and a significant difference wasbetween varieties(P<0.05), the average soil enzyme activity had an order as follows: 3 years>6 years>10 years grass; the activity of catalase increased gradually with the increase of planting year and there wassignificant difference between varieties(P<0.05);(2) soil enzyme activities were different among differenttypes of farmland, the activities of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase of maize field were only 24% and 70%of that of potato field;(3) by comparing the soil enzyme activities in artificial grassland and farmland, theseenzyme activities(urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase) were in the older of potato field>3 yearsAmeristand grassland> maize field≥3 years Ladak grassland>6 years Ladak grassland>6 years Ameristandgrassland>10 years Ladak grassland≥10 years Ameristand grassland;(4) the results from correlation analysisshowed that there were significantly negative correlations between urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase,significantly positive correlation between sucrase activity and p H, significantly negative correlation betweenurease, alkaline phosphatase and p H, significantly negative correlation between available nitrogen and totalnitrogen, and significantly positive correlation between catalase and organic matter, available nitrogen, totalnitrogen and water soluble magnesium.

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