摘 要：
为探索适合昭通乌天麻高产、优质、便捷的栽培模式,采用不同栽培基质与不同菌材组合,在泡沫箱体中栽培天麻。栽培采收后,测定箭麻和麻种的个数、鲜质量、折干率、转化率以及箭麻中可溶性蛋白和天麻多糖的含量。结果表明:各处理间的箭麻数差异不显著;以土为栽培基质的Ⅰ处理(提前培养好菌床后,将种麻播种于菌床上),箭麻总鲜质量、转化率、天麻多糖含量最高,分别为1 042.68 g/箱、9.96、5.258%;以砂+锯末为栽培基质的处理间,Ⅰ处理的箭麻总鲜质量显著高于其他处理,为1 009.26 g/箱;以土为栽培基质的箭麻折干率显著高于以砂+锯末为栽培基质,麻种折干率则相反;麻种总鲜质量在以土为栽培基质的Ⅲ处理(培养好的菌材和新材各占1/2搭配使用,播种种麻)下最高,为70.03 g/箱,麻种平均单个质量在以砂+锯末为栽培基质的Ⅰ处理下最高,为9.86 g/个;以土为栽培基质的处理,箭麻可溶性蛋白含量在Ⅰ、Ⅱ处理(提前培养好菌材,取出菌材摆放好后,播种种麻)下分别为39.610、47.659 mg/g。因此,采用当地黄土作为栽培基质,提前培养菌床,菌床培养好后,刨开覆土层,播种麻种的栽培模式可实现昭通乌天麻的优质和高产,便于应用推广。
译 名：
Effects of Different Cultivation Treatments on Yield and Quality of Zhaotong Gastrodia elata Bl. F. glauca S. Chow
作 者：
SANG Zhenglin;YANG Shunqiang;ZHAO Qijun;WU Ting;Zhaotong University;
关键词：
Gastrodia elata Bl.F.glauca S.Chow;;Cultivation treatments;;Yield;;Quality;;Zhaotong
摘 要：
In order to explore the suitable high-yield,high-quality,and convenient cultivation mode for Zhaotong Gastrodia elata Bl. F. glauca S. Chow,Gastrodia elata was cultivated in a foam carton using different cultivation substrates and different combinations of fungus-growing woods. After cultivation and harvesting,the number,fresh weight,drying rate,conversion rate,soluble protein and polysaccharide content of G. elata mature tuber and seed were determined. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the number of G. elata mature tuber among different treatments. Under the treatment Ⅰ( After cultivating the fungi bed sowing G. elata seeds on the bed),the total fresh weight,conversion rate,and polysaccharide content of G. elata mature tuber with soil as the cultivation substrate was the highest,which was 1 042. 68 g/carton,9. 96,and 5. 258%,respectively. Using sand + sawdust as the cultivation substrate the total fresh weight of G. elata mature tuber in treatmentⅠwas significantly higher than that of the other treatments which was 1 009. 26 g/carton. The drying rate of G. elata mature tuber with soil as the cultivation substrate was higher than that of sand + sawdust as the cultivation substrate while the drying rate of G. elata seed was opposite. The total fresh weight of the G. elata seed was the highest under the treatment Ⅲ with soil as the cultivation substrate( half of the cultivated fungus woods and half of the new woods were used together,and G. elata seeds were sowed),which was 70. 03 g/carton,and the average individual weight of the G. elata seed was the highest under the treatment Ⅰwith sand + sawdust as the cultivation substrate,which was 9. 86 g/piece. With soil as the cultivation substrate,the content of soluble protein under the treatment ofⅠand Ⅱ( cultivating the fungus woods in advance,taking out the fungus woods and putting it in place,and then sowing G. elata seeds) was 39. 610 mg/g and 47. 659 mg/g,respectively. Therefore,using the local loess as the cultivation substrate,cultivating the fungi bed in advance followed by planing the overlying soil layer and sowing the seed,the high quality and yield of Zhaotong Gastrodia elata Bl. F. glauca S. Chow can be achieved,and it is convenient for application and popularization.
