摘 要：
目的:了解中国城市乳母对自身营养状况的认知,比较自我营养认知对膳食的影响,并探索影响营养认知的相关因素。方法:采用多阶段整群抽样法,调查我国北京、广州、苏州等3个城市的乳母,共计580人。通过问卷询问乳母"是否认为自己现在存在营养不良",并调查其自认为缺乏的营养素以及调补的方法。采用24h膳食回顾法调查乳母营养素的摄入情况。结果:20.3%的乳母自认存在营养不良,其中33.1%的乳母认为钙缺乏,食补是乳母选择调补的首要方法。"自认为营养不良"者,有较多人钙、锌摄入情况良好,但同时也摄入更多的能量,且体重滞留数显著较高。学历较高的乳母认为"自身存在营养不良"的比例较高(P=0.013)。结论:我国乳母对自我营养状况的认知与实际营养摄入情况存在偏差。
译 名：
Self-perception of Nutritional Status and Nutrients Intake of Lactating Women in Three Cities of China
作 者：
ZHAO Ai;XUE Yong;ZHANG Yu-mei;JIANG Hua;WANG Pei-yu;School of Public Health,Peking University Health Science Center;
关键词：
lactating women;;self-perception of nutrition status;;nutrients intake;;malnutrition
摘 要：
【Objective】To investigate lactating women's self-perception of nutritional status and its effects on maternal nutrients intake,and to explore the associated factors affecting the perception. 【Method】Multiple Cluster Sampling Methods were used to select 6 hospitals in Beijing,Guangzhou and Suzhou city,and 580 lactating women were participated in this study. Questionnaire was used to investigate the selfperception of nutritional status in lactating women with one question " Do you think you are malnourished ". If the answer was"yes",the questions"what nutrient you think you have an insufficient intake"and"what methods you intend to use to improve your nutrient deficiencies"were asked. Food intakes were measured using 24 h dietary recall method,and nutrients from food were calculated based on the Chinese Food Composition Table 2004. 【Result】There were 20. 3% of the women considering themselves in the presence of malnutrition. Calcium was the most-reported deficient nutrient( 33. 1%) and most of the women intended to improve their nutritional status through daily food intake. Women who considered themselves malnourished had higher intake of calcium and zinc coupled with a higher intake of energy,and also had a higher numbers of postpartum weight retention. Women who had higher education background were more likely to have a concern of malnutrition( P = 0. 013). 【Conclusion】The deviation existed between lactating women's self-perception of nutritional status and their actual maternal nutrients intake. To promote lactating women to gain correct perception of their nutritional status and to promote maternal health,comprehensive nutritional education was necessary for each lactating woman.
