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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 普通小麦与沙生冰草、根茎冰草属间杂种的产生及其细胞遗传学研究 中国农业科学 1991,24 (6) 1-10+97-98
Position: Home > Articles > PRODUCTION AND CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS OF T. AESTIVUM L. WITH A. DESERTORUM (FISCH.) SCHULT. AND A. MICHNOI ROSHEV. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 1991,24 (6) 1-10+97-98

普通小麦与沙生冰草、根茎冰草属间杂种的产生及其细胞遗传学研究

作  者：
李立会
单  位：
中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所
关键词：
普通小麦;沙生冰草;根茎冰草;属间杂种;胚培养;无性繁苗;染色体配对;自交可育性
摘  要：
通过幼胚拯救,首次获得了普通小麦与沙生冰草、根茎冰草两组合的属间杂种。在幼胚拯救时发现,无盾片的幼胚是不能产生杂种苗的。对获得的两组合杂种植株进行了壮苗和破蘖培养繁苗,使来自同一胚的杂种植株数目增加。在获得的F_1杂种中,幼苗形态和穗型似普通小麦栽培种。在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I,中国春×沙生冰草、根茎冰草两组合杂种F_1的染色体配对频率远远超出了期望值。对杂种F_1用四倍体和六倍体小麦回交,都能很容易获得种子,平均结实率都在15%以上。特别值得注意的是两组合的属间杂种均具有自交可育性,自交结实率分別为0.46%和0.15%。文章讨论了:1.杂交成功的经验2.P与A、E、B染色体组间特殊遗传关系的理论分析;3.F_1自交结实的原因;4.壮苗培养和破蘖培养繁苗在小麦远缘杂交中的重要作用。小麦属与冰草属间自交和回交后代的首次获得,在理论上对前人所认为的P染色体组在小麦族中的高度独立遗传性,提供了直接的相反证据;在实践上,使产生异源附加系、代换系甚至易位系,进而为利用P染色体组中的期望基因变得相对的容易。
译  名：
PRODUCTION AND CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS OF T. AESTIVUM L. WITH A. DESERTORUM (FISCH.) SCHULT. AND A. MICHNOI ROSHEV.
作  者：
Li Lihui (Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081)
关键词：
T. aestivum L; A. desertorum (Fiseh.) Schult. ; A. michnoi Roshev. ; Intergeneric hybrid; Embryo culture; Seedling asexually propagated; Chromosome pairing; Self-fertility
摘  要：
Through embryo culture, intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum L. with Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult. (2n=4x=28, PPPP) and Agropyron michnoi Roshev. (2n=4x=28, PPPP) were produced for the first time. It was found that the nybrid embryos without scutellum were impossible to obtain seedling after they were rescued on N6 medium. All tube-seedlings obtained from embryo culture were subcultured for more vigour, and then their tillerings were cut into two parts and separatively cultured in order to recover more samples of the same hybrid plantlets The seedling and spike characteristics of those hybrids were similar to those of common wheat. The average meiotic chromoseme pairing at MI of F_1 hybrids in those two combinations were 6.62Ⅰ+4.16 rod Ⅱ +8.24 ring Ⅱ+0.57Ⅲ +0.35 Ⅳ+0.06 Ⅴ +0.03Ⅵ and 6.39 Ⅰ +3.75 rod Ⅱ+ 8.64 ringⅡ + 0.81Ⅲ+O.30Ⅳ+O.04Ⅴ respectively, the bivalent and multivalent formations were much higher than expected from the genomic formulae. The seeds were easily obtained from the baekcross of F_1 plants with hexaploid and tetraploid wheat, and mean seed-setting was more than 15%. It is especially worth-while to note that the F_1 hybrids were selffertile, here self-fertility rates were 0.46% and 0.15, respectively. The following questions are discussed in this paper; 1. The successful experience of hybridization between common wheat and Agropyron; 2. The theoretical analyses of special relationship of P genome to A, B. D genomes; 3. The reason for self-fertility in the F_1 hybrids; 4. The significance of the hybrid tube-seedlings being subeultured to make them vigorous and then asexually propagated in wide-crossing in Triticeae.

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