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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇在小麦赤霉病病程中的作用 植物病理学报 2003,33 (1) 40-43
Position: Home > Articles > Role of deoxynivalenol in pathogenesis of wheat head scab Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 2003,33 (1) 40-43

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇在小麦赤霉病病程中的作用

作  者：
俞刚;陈利锋;姚红燕;柴一秋
单  位：
农业部病虫监测与治理重点开放实验室;南京农业大学植物病理学系;农业部病虫监测与治理重点开放实验室 南京210095
关键词：
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇;小麦赤霉病;病程;禾谷镰孢;扩展;定殖
摘  要：
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (deoxynivalenol,DON)系小麦赤霉病菌———禾谷镰孢 (Fusariumgraminearum ,有性态Gibberellazeae)产生的一种单端孢霉烯族毒素 (trichothecenes,以下简称“单族毒素”)。作者以病菌正常产毒的野生型菌株GZ36 39及其产毒基因Tri5损坏、不能产毒的转化子GZT40 (Tri5 -,TRI-)为材料 ,对DON在病菌致病过程中的作用进行了研究。结果显示 :GZ36 39能引起典型的赤霉病症状 ,病害可由接种小花发展至其它小穗 ,病菌也可定殖于其它小穗组织 ;而GZT40仅在接种小花处产生鸟眼状坏死斑点 ,不能引起典型的赤霉病症状 ,病菌仅定殖于接种小花处。当病菌与一定浓度 (4 0 0 μg·mL-1)的DON混合处理小花后 ,GZT40的定殖时间提前 2d(感病品种上 )至 4d(抗病品种上 ) ,定殖范围可扩大到 1～ 3个小穗 ,接种 2 0d后的病小穗率也由病菌单独接种时的 2 8%提高到 12 5 %。DON也使GZ36 39的定殖时间提前 1d(感病品种上 )至 2d(抗病品种上 ) ,定殖范围更广 ,其所致的病害发展更迅速 ,接种后 2 0d的病小穗率由病菌单独接种时的 78 0 %提高到 10 0 %。因此 ,作者认为 ,单族毒素在病害发展和病菌在寄主组织内的扩展中起着决定性作用 ,一旦丧失产毒能力 ,病菌虽能侵入寄主 ,但不能在寄主组织中扩展。DON可以缩短
译  名：
Role of deoxynivalenol in pathogenesis of wheat head scab
作  者：
YU Gang,CHEN Li-feng *,YAO Hong-yan,CHAI Yi-qiu (Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
关键词：
deoxynivalenol;wheat head scab;pathogenesis;Fusarium graminearum;spread;colonization
摘  要：
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the trichothecenes produced by Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Gibberella zeae), an important pathogen causing wheat head scab (WHS). The role of DON in WHS pathogenesis was investigated using GZ3639, a DON producing wild type strain, and GZT40, a trichothecene non-producing strain due to disruption of a trichothecene biosynthesis gene Tri5. In inoculation experiments, GZ3639 caused typical WHS symptoms, whereby the pathogen colonized the inoculated floret and spread to neighboring spikelets, and GZT40 only colonized the inoculated floret, producing atypical symptoms. When the inoculum was added with DON (400 μg·mL -1), GZT40 could successfully earlier by colonize the inoculated floret earlier by 2 days (on a susceptible cultivar) to 4 days (on a resistant cultivar) in comparison with DON-free treatment. Moreover, with DON treatment, GZT40 was able to spread 1-3 spikelets upward or downward from the point of inoculation on both susceptible and resistant cultivars. The mean percentage of diseased spikelets was 2.8% when the plants were inoculated with GZT40, while it was 12.5% when DON was added. Similar results were obtained for GZ3639. When the plants were treated with DON, the time needed for successful colonization of a floret was shortened by 1 day (on a susceptible cultivar) to 2 days (on a resistant cultivar), and the percentage of diseased spikelets was 100% in comparison with 78% when inoculated with GZ3639 alone. Therefore, it is concluded that trichothecenes play a key role in symptom development as well as in pathogen spread within host tissues. If a pathogen strain has lost its ability to produce trichothecenes, it is still able to colonize, but is unable to spread. Spread within host tissues is restored to some extent with the addition of DON.

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