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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 连续施用有机肥对连作花生根际微生物种群和酶活性的影响 土壤 2018 (2) 305-311
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of Successive Application of Organic Fertilizers on Rhizosphere Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities of Monoculture Peanut Soils 2018 (2) 305-311

连续施用有机肥对连作花生根际微生物种群和酶活性的影响

作  者：
刘金光;李孝刚;王兴祥
关键词：
花生连作;有机肥;有益微生物;土传病害
摘  要：
花生连作导致土传病害易发,严重制约其产量和品质。为探讨持续施用有机肥缓解连作花生病害发生的防治机理,大田条件下研究了连续6年施用化肥、普通有机肥和生物有机肥(接种内生菌拟茎点霉B3)后对连作花生根腐病、根际土壤典型微生物种群和酶活的影响。结果表明:与单施化肥相比,持续施用普通有机肥和生物有机肥可有效控制连作花生土传病害发生,荚果产量提高23.8%和47.9%。连续施用普通有机肥和生物有机肥均显著提高根际过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶和酚氧化酶活性,荧光定量PCR进一步测定出连续施用有机肥可显著增加连作花生根际细菌和真菌的数量,说明连续施用有机肥后连作花生根际微生物活性显著提升。连续施用普通有机肥和生物有机肥显著增加了连作花生根际有益微生物种群的数量,其中放线菌增加0.9倍和1.6倍,假单胞菌增加10.9倍和13.1倍,伯克氏菌增加2.6倍和1.9倍,芽孢杆菌增加1.1倍和2.1倍;然而连续施用有机肥对连作花生根际主要致病微生物种群(如镰刀菌属和青枯雷尔氏菌)无明显影响。表明通过持续施用有机肥可有效提高连作花生根际有益微生物种群的数量和土壤酶活性,进而改善连作花生根际微生态环境,增强连作土壤抑病能力,以达到控制连作花生土传病害易发的目的。
译  名：
Effects of Successive Application of Organic Fertilizers on Rhizosphere Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities of Monoculture Peanut
作  者：
LIU Jinguang;LI Xiaogang;WANG Xingxiang;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences;Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
关键词：
Continuous peanut production;;Organic fertilizer;;Beneficial microorganism;;Soilborne diseases
摘  要：
Continuous peanut planting leads to the prevalence of soilborne diseases, and constitutes a serious constraint to the yield and quality. To investigate the biocontrol effects of organic fertilizers on suppressing the soilborne diseases and possible mechanisms, a 6 year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of successive application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and bioorganic fertilizer(organic fertilizer inoculated with Phomopsis liquidambari B3) on the peanut root rot disease and on the abundance of group specific rhizosphere microbes and enzyme activities. Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer, successive application of organic fertilizer and bioorganic fertiliaer could effectively control the soilborne diseases, and increased the peanut pod yields by 23.8% and 47.9%, respectively. organic fertilizer and bioorganic fertiliaer applications enhanced the activities of catalase, dehydrogenase and phenol oxidase in rhizosphere soil. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis further detected an increase of the bacterial and fungal abundance, indicating an increase in the soil microbial activities. organic fertilizer and bioorganic fertiliaer applications also promoted the growth of the beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, including Actinobacteria increased 0.9-and 1.6–fold, Pseudomonas increased 10.9-and 13.1–fold, Burkholderia increased 2.6-and 1.9–fold, and Bacillus increased 1.1-and 2.1–fold, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed on the abundance of major pathogenic microorganisms, such as Fusarium and Ralstonia solanacearum, two notorious pathogenic microorganisms of peanut between treatments. The above results indicated that successive application of organic fertilizers, especially bioorganic fertiliaer, can control the prevalence of soilborne diseases by increasing the number of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms and manipulating the soil microbiome to increase soil health.

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